[Inherited retinal disorders: Current therapeutic options and future perspectives]

Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) represent a heterogeneous group of genetically driven conditions that frequently lead to progressive vision loss. Due to their complexity and the limited therapeutic options available, they pose a significant challenge for ophthalmology. This article provides a comprehensive overview of current evidence-based therapeutic approaches, including pharmacological strategies, gene therapy, and stem cell therapy, as well as innovative developments such as optogenetics and retinal implants. While gene therapies like Luxturna for RPE65-associated retinitis pigmentosa have paved the way for causal treatments, initial successes are also being observed in other retinal dystrophies, such as Stargardt disease and Usher syndrome. Rehabilitative measures and interdisciplinary care remain essential to improving the quality of life for affected individuals. Future research efforts focus on enhancing the efficacy and accessibility of therapies while addressing challenges such as inflammatory reactions, high costs, and genetic variability. The perspectives outlined highlight promising advancements in the treatment of genetic retinal diseases.