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Urinary Biomarkers for Orange Juice Consumption.
Theresa Saenger1, Florian Hübner1, Viktoria Lindemann1
1Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 45, Münster, 48149, Germany.
Molecular Nutrition & Food Research
|November 20, 2020
Summary
Proline betaine is a reliable long-term biomarker for tracking orange juice consumption, distinguishing between low, medium, and high intake levels. Hesperetin and naringenin serve as useful short-term indicators.
Area of Science:
- Nutritional Science
- Biochemistry
- Analytical Chemistry
Background:
- Orange juice is a globally popular beverage.
- Accurate methods are needed to quantify its consumption.
- Urinary biomarkers can indicate dietary intake.
Purpose of the Study:
- Identify reliable urinary biomarkers for orange juice consumption.
- Differentiate between low, medium, and high intake levels.
- Evaluate potential biomarkers like proline betaine, naringenin, hesperetin, synephrine, and phloretin.
Main Methods:
- A human study with 32 participants was conducted.
- Participants consumed a controlled portion of orange juice after an 8-day abstinence period.
- Urine samples were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) after enzymatic treatment.
Main Results:
- Proline betaine is a long-term biomarker, traceable for at least 72 hours.
- Naringenin and hesperetin were identified as qualitative short-term biomarkers.
- Synephrine showed a rapid increase and decrease; phloretin was not a reliable biomarker.
Conclusions:
- Proline betaine is the most promising biomarker for quantifying orange juice intake.
- Hesperetin, naringenin, and synephrine can serve as supporting biomarkers.
- Phloretin is not a reliable indicator of orange juice consumption.
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