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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 29, 2025

The Fibular Nerve Injury Method: A Reliable Assay to Identify and Test Factors That Repair Neuromuscular Junctions
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Neuromuscular reinnervation efficacy using a YFP model.

A C S Woollard1, J W Lichtman2, K Rolfe3

  • 1Inselspital Bern, Switzerland & Great Ormond Street Hospital for Sick Children, London, United Kingdom; The Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, 52 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States.

Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery : JPRAS
|November 21, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Functional muscle transfer for facial reanimation shows high reinnervation rates, but smaller axons and altered morphology impact outcomes. Nerve repair and graft techniques influence axonal remodeling differently, affecting functional recovery.

Keywords:
Nerve regenerationSynkinesisTargeted muscle reinnervationYFP

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative medicine
  • Neuroscience
  • Surgical innovation

Background:

  • Functional muscle transfer is the gold standard for facial reanimation.
  • Incomplete muscle reinnervation leads to variable clinical outcomes in 20% of patients.
  • A potential mismatch between donor nerve and transferred muscle characteristics may explain suboptimal results.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the characteristics of reinnervated neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) and regenerating axons after nerve repair and grafting.
  • To assess motor unit proportions and axonal remodeling following nerve interventions.
  • To compare the efficacy and morphological changes in nerve repair versus nerve graft for facial reanimation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized YFP-16 and YFP-H mouse models across three intervention groups and time periods.
  • Quantified the number and surface area of reinnervated NMJs and regenerating axons.
  • Assessed motor unit proportions and axonal morphology post-nerve repair or graft.

Main Results:

  • Complete reinnervation of NMJs was observed in all nerve repair and graft cases.
  • Regenerating axons exhibited significantly different numbers and calibers compared to controls.
  • Motor units were smaller in both intervention groups, with distinct axonal remodeling patterns in repair versus graft groups.

Conclusions:

  • Nerve repair and grafting achieve high NMJ reinnervation efficacy.
  • Significant morphological differences in regenerating axons and NMJs persist post-intervention.
  • Axonal remodeling pathways differ between nerve repair and nerve graft, impacting functional recovery in facial reanimation.