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Related Concept Videos

Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

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Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
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Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory01:22

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Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of...
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Coping Strategies: Problem Focused01:27

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Coping strategies are methods people use to manage, tolerate, or reduce the effects of stressors. These strategies involve both behavioral and psychological actions to handle stressful situations. One common approach is problem-focused coping, which aims to change or eliminate the source of stress rather than merely addressing its consequences. This method involves taking direct action to resolve the issue causing stress.
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An Appetitive Spatial Working Memory Task for Mice in a Semi-Automated 8-Arm Radial Maze, Reducing Fearful Memory Association in the Maze
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Spontaneous strategy use during a working memory updating task.

Otto Waris1, Jussi Jylkkä2, Daniel Fellman3

  • 1Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; Department of Child Psychiatry, Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; INVEST Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.

Acta Psychologica
|November 21, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

People quickly develop strategies when learning new cognitive tasks, with more detailed strategy use leading to better working memory performance. Strategy reporting methods also impact learning dynamics.

Keywords:
N-backRoutineSkill learningStrategyWorking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Factors

Background:

  • Cognitive skill learning involves generating and implementing strategies for novel tasks.
  • Understanding strategy development in working memory (WM) updating is crucial for cognitive skill acquisition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate short-term strategy acquisition and its impact on performance in a working memory updating task.
  • To examine how different strategy reporting methods influence strategy use and task performance.

Main Methods:

  • Two pre-registered online experiments with healthy adults using an adaptive n-back working memory task.
  • Participants reported strategies after each of 15 task blocks.
  • Experiment 2 compared open-ended vs. list-based strategy queries.

Main Results:

  • Approximately 50% of participants reported strategies from the first block; strategy changes were frequent early on.
  • More elaborate strategy descriptions correlated with better task performance.
  • List-based strategy queries enhanced strategy implementation, change rates, and task performance compared to open-ended questions.

Conclusions:

  • Findings support the cognitive skill learning perspective, highlighting dynamic strategy development during demanding tasks.
  • Strategy use is a significant predictor of working memory performance, partially overlapping with verbal productivity.