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Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes

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The human leg comprises an intricate system of muscles that facilitate the movement of feet and toes. Within this system, the muscles are categorized into the anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments, each with a unique set of muscles carrying out specific functions.
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment includes muscles that contribute to the dorsiflexion of the foot. This compartment houses the tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, and extensor digitorum longus muscles....

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 29, 2025

Fabrication of the Composite Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface C-RPNI in the Adult Rat

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Reconstructive Amputations of the Foot.

Christopher Green¹, Danny Plyler², Suhail Masadeh³

¹Southwest Integris Medical Center, 13100 North Western Avenue, Suite 200, Oklahoma City, OK 73114, USA.

Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery

|November 22, 2020

Summary

Diabetic foot amputations often lead to more surgeries due to poor biomechanics. Tendon balancing and orthoplastic techniques can improve outcomes for these patients.

Keywords:

Amputation Intrinsic muscle Lower limb reconstruction Muscle advancement Orthoplastics Tendon balancing

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Area of Science:

Podiatric surgery
Orthopedic surgery
Biomechanics

Background:

Diabetic and peripheral vascular disease patients have a high risk of repeat amputations.
Current amputation surgeries often disregard lower extremity biomechanics, leading to complications.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce basic tendon balancing and orthoplastic techniques for foot and ankle surgeons.
To provide a descriptive guide for improving outcomes in foot amputations.

Main Methods:

Review of tendon balancing techniques for stump management.
Application of orthoplastic principles in foot amputations.
Intrinsic muscle advancements in various foot amputation levels.

Main Results:

Improved biomechanical function of the residual limb.
Reduced risk of complications and need for revision surgery.
Enhanced functional outcomes for patients undergoing foot amputation.

Conclusions:

Tendon balancing and orthoplastic techniques are crucial for optimizing outcomes in foot amputations.
These techniques can mitigate biomechanical complications in diabetic and PVD patients.
Wider adoption by foot and ankle surgeons can improve patient prognosis.