[Triterpene glycosides and the structural-functional properties of membranes]

Triterpene glycosides have been found in many plant species and some marine animals. Many of these compounds are physiologically active and possess a broad range of medico-biological action. The physiological activity of triterpene glycosides is based on their ability to interact with the components of biological systems, primarily with sterols comprising the structure of biomembranes. The interaction of glycosides with sterols causes disturbance of selective permeability in plasmic membranes. Triterpene glycosides affect the liposome ionic permeability and flat bilayer lipid membranes. The rate of glycoside effect depends on quantitative and qualitative sterol level in the membrane. These compounds are used by organisms in the struggle for life and in maintaining the biological equilibrium in the antagonistic interactions of biological systems and ensure plant immunity against fungal diseases. Triterpene glycosides as substances of exogenous origin exhibit physiological activity towards warm-blooded animals. They affect the metabolism, the functional state of the organs and the organism as a whole.