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Related Concept Videos

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow01:26

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow

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Chronic liver disease significantly impacts drug metabolism due to alterations in hepatic blood flow and enzyme accessibility. This disruption affects the body's pharmacokinetics—the movement and processing of drugs within the system. Key enzymes crucial for metabolizing medications become less accessible, changing how drugs are processed and utilized. Furthermore, liver disease influences the synthesis of plasma proteins, such as albumin and globulins, which play critical roles in drug...
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Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

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In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 29, 2025

Endotoxin Activity Assay for the Detection of Whole Blood Endotoxemia in Critically Ill Patients
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Hepatic-Specific Decrease in the Expression of Selenoenzymes and Factors Essential for Selenium Processing After

Laura G Sherlock1, Kara Sjostrom1, Lei Sian2

  • 1Perinatal Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.

Frontiers in Immunology
|November 23, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

During acute inflammation, liver selenium processing and selenoprotein production decrease, impacting circulating selenium levels. This study highlights the liver

Keywords:
endotoxemialivernutritional immunologyseleniumselenocysteine processingselenoenzymesselenoprotein P

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Immunology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Decreased circulating selenium (Se) levels correlate with increased morbidity and mortality during acute inflammatory conditions like sepsis.
  • Understanding the specific mechanisms and locations where selenoproteins and Se processing are impaired during immune challenges is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the acute signaling response of selenoenzymes and Se processing machinery in multiple organs following innate immune activation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Main Methods:

  • Adult male C57/B6 mice were administered LPS (5 mg/kg, intraperitoneal).
  • Plasma Se concentrations were measured using ICP-MS.
  • mRNA and protein levels of selenoenzymes and Se processing factors were assessed in the liver, lung, kidney, and spleen at 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours post-LPS exposure.

Main Results:

  • Endotoxemia led to a significant decrease in plasma Se and the Se transporter SELENOP by 8 hours.
  • Hepatic expression and protein levels of key selenoenzymes (SELENOP, GPx1, GPx4) and Se processing factors (Sps2, Pstk, SepsecS, Scly) were significantly downregulated.
  • In contrast to the liver, selenoenzyme levels remained unchanged in the lung, kidney, and spleen.

Conclusions:

  • Innate immune activation via LPS significantly impairs hepatic selenoenzyme production and Se processing, coinciding with reduced circulating Se levels.
  • The liver exhibits a dynamic and acute response to endotoxemia concerning Se metabolism, unlike other investigated organs.
  • These findings underscore the importance of studying the liver's response to immune challenges and the potential for targeted selenium replacement therapies.