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Related Concept Videos

Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes01:15

Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes

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Membrane electrodes, also known as p-ion electrodes, use membranes that selectively interact with free analyte ions, generating a potential difference across the membrane. The resulting membrane potential, known as the asymmetry potential, is not zero even when analyte concentrations on both sides of the membrane are equal. The membrane's response is typically not selective to a single analyte but proportional to the concentration of all ions in the sample solution capable of interacting at...
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Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

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Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
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Detergent Purification of Membrane Proteins01:18

Detergent Purification of Membrane Proteins

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Detergents are used to purify the integral proteins of the membrane. The hydrophobic portion of the detergent can replace membrane phospholipids while solubilizing the membrane proteins. When detergent monomers reach a specific concentration in a solution called critical micelle concentration (CMC), they form micelles. Above CMC, the concentration of the detergent monomers remains in equilibrium with the micelle. The number of detergent monomers present in the CMC varies for each detergent, and...
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Size-Exclusion Chromatography01:08

Size-Exclusion Chromatography

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In size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), also known as molecular-exclusion or gel-permeation chromatography, molecules are separated based on their sizes. This technique is important for separating large molecules such as polymers and biomolecules. The two classes of micron-sized stationary phases encountered in SEC are silica particles and cross-linked polymer resin beads. Both materials are porous, but their pore sizes vary significantly.
Silica particles offer advantages such as rigidity,...
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Ion-Exchange Chromatography01:09

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

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Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
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Dialysis01:15

Dialysis

1.2K
Dialysis is a diffusion-based purification process that separates analyte molecules from a complex matrix. This is accomplished by allowing molecules in the solution to pass through a semipermeable membrane into a liquid on the other side. The membrane is usually made of cellulose acetate or cellulose nitrate, and the second liquid must be miscible with the solution. Ions (e.g., chloride or sodium) or organic molecules (e.g., glucose) can pass through the membrane pores, which generally have...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 29, 2025

Electrophoretic Crystallization of Ultrathin High-performance Metal-organic Framework Membranes
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Electrophoretic Crystallization of Ultrathin High-performance Metal-organic Framework Membranes

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Microporous framework membranes for precise molecule/ion separations.

Haozhen Dou1, Mi Xu, Baoyu Wang

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.

Chemical Society Reviews
|November 23, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microporous framework membranes, including metal-organic framework (MOF) and covalent organic framework (COF) membranes, offer superior separation performance by overcoming permeability-selectivity tradeoffs. This review details their chemistry, structure, and applications in energy and environmental fields.

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Preparation of Highly Porous Coordination Polymer Coatings on Macroporous Polymer Monoliths for Enhanced Enrichment of Phosphopeptides
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Last Updated: Nov 29, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Microporous framework membranes, such as MOF and COF membranes, are emerging as next-generation separation technologies.
  • These membranes overcome the traditional permeability-selectivity tradeoff through well-defined microporous structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and categorize microporous framework membranes (<2 nm pores) based on their chemistry.
  • To highlight membrane structure modifications, separation mechanisms, and applications.
  • To discuss challenges and future perspectives in the field.

Main Methods:

  • Categorization of membranes by chemistry: inorganic, organic-inorganic, and organic.
  • Analysis of membrane structure control strategies (pore architecture, grain boundaries).
  • Review of separation mechanisms (diffusion, adsorption, synergistic).

Main Results:

  • Detailed overview of diverse microporous framework membrane types and their fabrication.
  • Emphasis on structure-property relationships and advanced separation mechanisms.
  • Summary of applications in gas separation, liquid molecule separation, and ion sieving.

Conclusions:

  • Microporous framework membranes show significant promise for challenging separations in energy and environmental sectors.
  • Further research into membrane design and manipulation is crucial for sustainable development.
  • This review provides guidance for future innovations in membrane technology.