Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods01:25

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods

1.0K
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) atomizes samples through flame atomization or electrothermal atomization. Flame atomization typically involves a nebulizer and spray chamber assembly to combine the sample with a fuel–oxidant mixture, creating a fine aerosol mist that enters a burner. Typically, the fuel and oxidant are combined in an approximately stoichiometric ratio. However, for atoms that are easily oxidized, a fuel-rich mixture may be more advantageous. Only about 5% of the...
1.0K
Sputum Studies I: Gram Stain, cytology, and Acid-fast smear and culture01:26

Sputum Studies I: Gram Stain, cytology, and Acid-fast smear and culture

425
Sputum studies are a critical part of diagnosing and treating numerous respiratory conditions. These studies involve obtaining sputum samples for analysis to identify pathogenic organisms and assess the presence of abnormal cells indicative of malignant conditions. This lesson will delve into three fundamental sputum studies: Gram Stain, Cytology, and Acid-fast Smear and Culture.
Gram Stain
The Gram Stain is an integral part of sputum studies. It involves the staining of sputum, which permits...
425
Sputum Studies II: Culture and Sensitivity01:20

Sputum Studies II: Culture and Sensitivity

884
Description
Sputum culture and sensitivity is a medical procedure used to diagnose bacterial infections in the respiratory tract and select the most appropriate antibiotics for treatment. This process involves analyzing sputum samples of thick and opaque secretions produced in the lungs and airways. These samples are collected from patients and then sent to the laboratory for analysis.
The test can identify various pathogens responsible for respiratory infections, including Streptococcus,...
884
Asthma-IV: Diagnostic and Management01:30

Asthma-IV: Diagnostic and Management

2.9K
The diagnosis and management of asthma are comprehensive, encompassing clinical assessments, lung function tests, and pharmacological interventions. Here's an overview:
Clinical Assessment for Asthma:
This is the first step in diagnosing and managing asthma. It includes:
2.9K
Sampling Methods: Sample Types01:18

Sampling Methods: Sample Types

1.0K
Sampling materials are classified into three main types: solid, liquid, and gas.
Solid samples include a variety of substances, such as sediments from water bodies, soil, metals, and biological tissues. Two standard methods for extracting sediments from water bodies are grab sampling and piston coring. Grab sampling involves using a device to collect a discrete sediment sample from the bottom of a water body with minimal disturbance. Grab samples do not always represent the entire area due to...
1.0K
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab01:21

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab

865
For AAS measurements, samples must be introduced as clear solutions, often requiring extensive preliminary treatment to dissolve materials like soils, animal tissues, and minerals. Common methods for sample preparation include treatment with hot mineral acids, wet ashing, combustion in closed containers, high-temperature ashing, or fusion with reagents.
 Solutions containing organic solvents, such as low-molecular-mass alcohols, esters, or ketones, enhance absorbances by increasing...
865

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Clinical phenotyping of asthma patients with elevated sputum eosinophils and low blood eosinophils: a post-hoc analysis of the multicentre ATLANTIS cohort.

EBioMedicine·2026
Same author

Asthma exacerbation profile of benralizumab for severe eosinophilic asthma (the BenRex study): a multicentre, prospective cohort study.

The Lancet. Respiratory medicine·2026
Same author

Reply to Zhao et al.: Clarifying Structural - Functional Coupling by FeNO Status in VESTIGE.

American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine·2026
Same author

Astegolimab for COPD With Frequent Exacerbations: Pooled Analysis of the ALIENTO and ARNASA Trials.

American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine·2026
Same author

Safety and efficacy of astegolimab for COPD with frequent exacerbations regardless of baseline blood eosinophil counts (ALIENTO and ARNASA): randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2b and 3 trials.

Lancet (London, England)·2026
Same author

Efficacy and safety of tezepelumab versus placebo in reducing oral corticosteroid use in adults with severe, oral corticosteroid-dependent asthma (SUNRISE): a multicentre, placebo-controlled, double-blind, phase 3 trial.

The Lancet. Respiratory medicine·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 29, 2025

Capturing Actively Produced Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds from Human-Associated Samples with Vacuum-Assisted Sorbent Extraction
09:19

Capturing Actively Produced Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds from Human-Associated Samples with Vacuum-Assisted Sorbent Extraction

Published on: June 1, 2022

4.3K

Volatile organic compounds in a headspace sampling system and asthmatics sputum samples.

Rosa Peltrini1, Rebecca L Cordell2, Wadah Ibrahim1,3

  • 1University of Leicester, Department of Respiratory Sciences, LE1 7RH Leicester, United Kingdom.

Journal of Breath Research
|November 23, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Background volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in headspace sampling show minimal day-to-day variation. Understanding this background signal is crucial for accurate biomarker discovery in clinical samples like asthma sputum.

Keywords:
background signalheadspace analysissevere asthmasputumvolatile organic compounds

More Related Videos

Breath Collection from Children for Disease Biomarker Discovery
06:09

Breath Collection from Children for Disease Biomarker Discovery

Published on: February 14, 2019

7.2K
Profiling Volatile Compounds in Blackcurrant Fruit using Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Coupled to Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
05:29

Profiling Volatile Compounds in Blackcurrant Fruit using Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Coupled to Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Published on: June 9, 2021

4.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 29, 2025

Capturing Actively Produced Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds from Human-Associated Samples with Vacuum-Assisted Sorbent Extraction
09:19

Capturing Actively Produced Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds from Human-Associated Samples with Vacuum-Assisted Sorbent Extraction

Published on: June 1, 2022

4.3K
Breath Collection from Children for Disease Biomarker Discovery
06:09

Breath Collection from Children for Disease Biomarker Discovery

Published on: February 14, 2019

7.2K
Profiling Volatile Compounds in Blackcurrant Fruit using Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Coupled to Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
05:29

Profiling Volatile Compounds in Blackcurrant Fruit using Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Coupled to Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Published on: June 9, 2021

4.2K

Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Clinical Diagnostics
  • Biomarker Research

Background:

  • Headspace sampling of biological samples can be influenced by exogenous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the environment, creating a background signal.
  • Characterizing this background is essential for reliable biomarker identification and validation in clinical studies.
  • Previous studies have not fully addressed the variability of background VOCs in a clinical setting.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the background signal from a headspace sampling system in a clinical environment.
  • To evaluate the intra-day and inter-day variation of background VOCs.
  • To assess the impact of biological samples on commonly reported background VOCs using sputum from severe asthmatics.

Main Methods:

  • Headspace samples were collected hourly (11 am-3 pm) and daily (Monday-Friday) without biological samples.
  • Analysis was performed using thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS).
  • Chemometric analysis identified VOC features, and concentration ratios relative to background were calculated for asthmatic sputum samples.

Main Results:

  • No significant intra- or inter-day variations were found for most background VOCs.
  • Benzothiazole showed a linear increase between 11 am and 3 pm (maximal intra-day fold change of 2.13).
  • Identified background VOCs were present in all severe asthma sputum samples, indicating potential overlap with biomarkers.

Conclusions:

  • The background signal from headspace sampling systems exhibits low variability, with minor exceptions like benzothiazole.
  • Background VOCs are consistently present in clinical samples, necessitating their consideration during biomarker development.
  • Accurate interpretation of VOC signatures in clinical samples requires accounting for the sampling system's background noise.