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Related Concept Videos

The Cardiac Cycle01:13

The Cardiac Cycle

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The heart beats rhythmically in a sequence called the cardiac cycle—a rapid coordination of contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole).
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Electrical signals—sent from the sinoatrial (SA) node in the right atrial wall to the atrioventricular (AV) node between the right atrium and right ventricle—cause both atria to simultaneously contract. When the signal reaches the AV node, it pauses for approximately a tenth of a second, allowing the atria to contract and...
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Clamper Circuit01:14

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A clamper circuit, also known as a DC restorer, represents a specialized variant of the rectifier circuit, notable for its method of taking the output across the diode rather than the capacitor. This configuration lends to several distinctive applications, particularly in handling square wave inputs.
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Chambers of the Heart01:16

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The human heart is a complex organ made up of four chambers: the right and left atria and the right and left ventricles. These internal chambers are separated by partitions known as the interatrial and interventricular septa. The exterior of the heart features a groove known as the coronary sulcus that demarcates the atria from the ventricles, while the anterior and posterior interventricular sulci distinguish between the two ventricles.
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Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias01:28

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Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.
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Heart Sounds01:15

Heart Sounds

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Heart sounds are generated by the turbulence in blood flow due to the closing of heart valves. These sounds are best perceived slightly away from the valves, where the blood flow disseminates the sound.
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Cardiac Cycle01:29

Cardiac Cycle

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The cardiac cycle refers to the sequence of events that occur in the heart from the beginning of one heartbeat to the next. It's characterized by alternating periods of contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole) of the heart muscles.
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Semi-automated Optical Heartbeat Analysis of Small Hearts
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Clamshell in a Heartbeat.

Sebastiaan J M Vreeswijk1, Lars P W Mommers2, Dennis C J J Bergmans1

  • 1Department of Intensive Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.

Air Medical Journal
|November 24, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Resuscitative thoracotomy can be a life-saving procedure for penetrating thoracic trauma. This case highlights a remarkable recovery, encouraging its use in prehospital settings for cardiac arrest patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Emergency Medicine
  • Trauma Surgery
  • Cardiovascular Surgery

Background:

  • Resuscitative thoracotomy is a last resort for cardiac arrest following penetrating thoracic trauma.
  • Prehospital implementation faces implementation and performance challenges.

Observation:

  • A 25-year-old female with multiple stab wounds presented with rapid deterioration.
  • Emergency medical services performed a clamshell thoracotomy prehospital.
  • The patient regained good neurologic function post-procedure.

Findings:

  • Successful outcome attributed to rapid intervention, young age, and penetrating injury.
  • Mitral valve insufficiency and ventricular septal perforation were identified post-operatively.
  • Mediastinitis complicated the hospital course.

Implications:

  • This case supports the prehospital use of resuscitative thoracotomy in select trauma patients.
  • Early intervention and patient selection are critical for survival.
  • Comprehensive cardiac imaging is crucial after emergency thoracotomy.