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Related Concept Videos

Appendicitis-I: Introduction01:22

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The appendix, a small, narrow, blind tube extending from the inferior part of the cecum, is widely regarded as a vestigial organ, having lost much of its original function through evolution. Despite its diminished role, the appendix can become inflamed, a condition known as appendicitis.
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The large intestine, a vital component of the gastrointestinal tract, is structured with four main layers: the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa. Each layer performs a distinct role in facilitating the smooth functioning of the large intestine.
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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
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Unusual histopathologies of the appendix.

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|November 24, 2020
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Summary

Unusual causes of appendicitis, such as parasites and neoplasms, were found in 5.3% of cases. Histopathological diagnosis is crucial for identifying these rare conditions and guiding specific patient treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Pathology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Surgical Emergencies

Background:

  • Appendicitis is a common surgical emergency often caused by luminal occlusion.
  • Unusual etiologies include infections, parasites, tuberculosis, and neoplasms, necessitating specific management.
  • Recognizing these rare causes is vital for appropriate patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence and types of unusual histopathology in appendicitis.
  • To analyze appendectomy specimens for non-typical findings.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 2,244 appendectomy histopathology reports from three Johannesburg academic hospitals (January 2012-December 2014).
  • Specimens were examined by pathologists from the National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS).

Main Results:

  • Unusual pathology was identified in 5.3% (119/2,244) of appendectomy specimens.
  • The most frequent unusual causes were parasites (37%), predominantly schistosomiasis (24.3%), followed by neoplasms (20%) and fibrous obliteration (14.2%).
  • The median patient age was 25.6 years, with 61.9% males and 38.1% females.

Conclusions:

  • All appendectomy specimens require histopathological examination for accurate diagnosis.
  • Post-operative review of results is essential to identify unusual findings that may require further specific treatment.