Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 29, 2025

Interventional Diagnostic Procedure: A Practical Guide for the Assessment of Coronary Vascular Function
10:28

Interventional Diagnostic Procedure: A Practical Guide for the Assessment of Coronary Vascular Function

Published on: March 15, 2022

5.6K

[Ischemia with no obstructive coronary artery disease: microvascular angina and vasospastic angina]

Vincenzo Sucato1, Salvatore Novo1, Girolamo Manno1

  • 1U.O.C. Cardiologia, Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza (ProMISE) "G. D'Alessandro", A.O.U. Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Università degli Studi, Palermo.

Giornale Italiano Di Cardiologia (2006)
|November 24, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Ischemia with non-obstructive coronary artery disease (INOCA) affects many patients with chest pain but no blockages. This review clarifies INOCA's causes, diagnosis, and treatments for better patient understanding.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Internal Medicine
  • Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

  • Coronary angiography reveals normal or near-normal coronary arteries in approximately 40% of patients presenting with chest pain and anginal symptoms.
  • This clinical scenario necessitates a standardized approach to myocardial ischemia in stable patients without obstructive coronary artery disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize and clarify the complex and debated topic of ischemia with non-obstructive coronary artery disease (INOCA).
  • To enhance understanding of the pathophysiological, nosographic, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects of INOCA.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on INOCA.
  • Analysis of pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnostic modalities, and therapeutic strategies for INOCA.

Main Results:

  • INOCA represents a significant clinical challenge, encompassing diverse etiologies.
  • Standardization of diagnostic and therapeutic pathways is crucial for managing INOCA patients.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of INOCA is essential for effective patient management.
  • Further research is needed to refine diagnostic criteria and therapeutic interventions for INOCA.

More Related Videos

Measurement of Myocardial Lactate Production for Diagnosis of Coronary Microvascular Spasm06:18

Measurement of Myocardial Lactate Production for Diagnosis of Coronary Microvascular Spasm

Published on: September 17, 2021

1.7K
Intracoronary Acetylcholine Provocation Testing for Assessment of Coronary Vasomotor Disorders06:39

Intracoronary Acetylcholine Provocation Testing for Assessment of Coronary Vasomotor Disorders

Published on: August 18, 2016

16.4K

Related Concept Videos

Angina II: Classification01:27

Angina II: Classification

Angina, also known as angina pectoris, is a chest pain resulting from diminished blood flow to the heart muscle and is often a symptom of coronary artery disease. Angina presents several variants with distinctive attributes, etiologies, and therapeutic approaches. The main types of angina include stable, unstable, variant (Prinzmetal's), microvascular, intractable, and silent ischemia.Stable angina is caused by atherosclerosis, which leads to the formation of plaques that narrow the coronary...
140
Angina I: Introduction01:30

Angina I: Introduction

Definition and Symptoms: Angina (angina pectoris) is chest pain or discomfort caused by myocardial ischemia, which occurs when the heart muscle receives insufficient oxygen-rich blood. It typically manifests as pressing, squeezing, or crushing sensations in the chest and may radiate to the shoulders, arms, neck, jaw, or back.Primary Cause: In a healthy state, the coronary arteries can dilate (widen) to increase blood flow and meet the increased oxygen demand during physical activity or...
291
Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview01:17

Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview

Ischemic heart disease occurs when the heart's blood supply dwindles, causing an ominous lack of oxygen and nutrients. This deficiency, stemming from reduced or obstructed blood flow, spells danger, leading to heart muscle damage and dysfunction.
Atherosclerosis, the primary malefactor, orchestrates this dangerous condition. It manifests as the accumulation of fatty deposits, akin to insidious plaques, within arterial walls. As time elapses, these plaques metamorphose, hardening and...
2.4K
Angina III: Clinical Manifestations and Assessment01:29

Angina III: Clinical Manifestations and Assessment

Angina manifests as chest pain, tightness, or squeezing discomfort typically located behind the breastbone. It can radiate to the neck, jaw, shoulders, and inner aspects of the upper arms, most commonly the left arm. Patients may experience shortness of breath, fatigue, profuse sweating, dizziness, indigestion, heartburn, palpitations, anxiety, and vomiting as accompanying symptoms. This pain often lasts a few minutes and is triggered by physical exertion, emotional stress, heavy meals, or cold...
102
Angina IV: Management01:26

Angina IV: Management

IntroductionThe management of angina requires a comprehensive approach that includes pharmacological therapies, medical procedures, and lifestyle modifications.Pharmacological TherapiesAntiplatelet agents, such as aspirin, clopidogrel, prasugrel, and ticagrelor, play a pivotal role in preventing thrombus formation in patients with angina. These medications inhibit platelet aggregation and reduce the likelihood of myocardial infarction and other cardiovascular events.Anticoagulants, including...
139
Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) encompasses a spectrum of heart conditions caused by sudden obstruction of coronary arteries, typically resulting from the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque and subsequent thrombus (blood clot) formation. This obstruction can lead to partial or complete blockage of blood flow, causing varying degrees of myocardial ischemia or infarction.ACS includes the following clinical entities:Unstable Angina (UA)Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)ST-Elevation...
399