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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of the Cardiovascular System01:27

Regulation of the Cardiovascular System

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The regulation of the cardiovascular system allows the body to adapt to various demands and maintain homeostasis.
The regulation of the cardiovascular system involves the autonomic nervous system (ANS), baroreceptors, and chemoreceptors, ensuring that heart rate and blood pressure are appropriately modulated in response to varying physiological demands.
The ANS comprises two main divisions: the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The sympathetic nervous system enhances...
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Pathophysiology of Cardiac Performance01:29

Pathophysiology of Cardiac Performance

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Typical heart performance is influenced by heart rate, rhythm, myocardial contraction, and metabolism or blood flow. The cardiac muscle exhibits distinct electrophysiological features, including pacemaker activity and calcium channel control, which play a vital role in the heart's response to various drugs. The autonomic nervous system, comprising the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches, regulates heart rate. Sympathetic activation increases heart rate, while parasympathetic activation...
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Development of the Heart01:27

Development of the Heart

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The development of the human heart, a crucial organ, commences from the mesoderm on the 18th or 19th day after fertilization. This process initiates in the cardiogenic area, a group of mesodermal cells at the embryo's head end, which evolves into elongated strands known as cardiogenic cords. These cords undergo a transformation to form hollow-centered endocardial tubes.
As the embryo undergoes lateral folding, these paired tubes approach each other, merging into a single primitive heart...
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Regulation of Heart Rates01:31

Regulation of Heart Rates

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The regulation of heart rate is a complex process controlled by the autonomic nervous system (ANS), hormonal influences, and intrinsic cardiac mechanisms. The ANS has two main components: the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS).
The SNS increases heart rate through the release of norepinephrine and epinephrine, which act on beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the heart. This action increases the rate of depolarization in the sinoatrial (SA) node, the heart's...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Neural Regulation of Blood Pressure01:18

Neural Regulation of Blood Pressure

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The neural regulation of blood pressure involves intricate interactions between the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and cardiovascular system, ensuring adequate perfusion of tissues. This regulation primarily occurs through baroreceptor and chemoreceptor reflexes, involving both short-term and long-term mechanisms.
Baroreceptor Reflex
Baroreceptors, located in the carotid sinuses and aortic arch, detect changes in blood pressure. When blood pressure rises, these stretch-sensitive receptors...
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Author Spotlight: Cardiac Cell Transgenesis for Rapid Gene Screening
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Developmental programming of cardiovascular function: a translational perspective.

Stephane L Bourque1,2, Sandra T Davidge2,3

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

Clinical Science (London, England : 1979)
|November 24, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) framework links early life exposures to long-term health. This review examines preclinical research values, limitations, and challenges in translating DOHaD findings for global health improvement.

Keywords:
CardiovascularDevelopmental programmingHeartKidneyVasculature

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Public health
  • Cardiovascular science

Background:

  • The developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) concept evolved from the 'fetal origins of disease' hypothesis.
  • DOHaD provides a paradigm shift in understanding chronic disease etiology and susceptibility.
  • Preclinical studies have been crucial in developing the DOHaD framework.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the value and limitations of preclinical research in DOHaD.
  • To identify challenges impeding the translation of preclinical DOHaD findings into clinical applications.
  • To focus on developmental programming of cardiovascular function within the DOHaD context.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on DOHaD and preclinical research.
  • Discussion of the evolution from the 'Barker hypothesis' to the DOHaD framework.
  • Analysis of pathophysiological mechanisms ('instigator' and 'effector') in developmental programming.

Main Results:

  • Preclinical research offers valuable insights into DOHaD.
  • Significant challenges exist in translating preclinical findings to improve global population health.
  • Developmental programming of cardiovascular function is a key area of DOHaD research.

Conclusions:

  • Leveraging preclinical DOHaD research holds potential for improving global health outcomes.
  • Addressing translational challenges is critical for realizing the clinical applications of DOHaD.
  • Understanding early life influences on long-term health is essential for disease prevention.