Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

290
Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
290
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

575
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
575
CNS Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines and Cannabinoids01:24

CNS Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines and Cannabinoids

579
CNS stimulants, such as cocaine, amphetamines, and cannabinoids, have varying structures and mechanisms of action that lead to different therapeutic effects and side effects. Cocaine, with its molecular formula C17H21NO4, is a tropane alkaloid and a tertiary amino compound. It has two chemical forms: the hydrochloride salt and the "freebase." The former is in powder form, while the latter involves removing the hydrochloride salt to create a form that can be smoked. Cocaine exerts its...
579
Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena01:15

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena

945
Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not...
945
Biological Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

Biological Causes of Schizophrenia

295
Schizophrenia, a severe psychiatric disorder, arises from a complex interplay of biological factors, including genetic predisposition, structural brain abnormalities, neurotransmitter dysregulation, and developmental irregularities. These factors collectively contribute to the onset and progression of the disorder, which typically manifests in late adolescence or early adulthood.
Genetic Factors in Schizophrenia
The genetic basis of schizophrenia is strongly supported by family and twin...
295

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Toward a nuanced framework for the medical development of ibogaine and its analogues and derivatives: implications for psychopharmacology.

Expert opinion on drug discovery·2026
Same author

Perceptual quality assessment in digital pathology: Modeling diagnostic usability from expert opinions.

Computer methods and programs in biomedicine·2026
Same author

Advancing Kratom Science and Regulation: A Comparative Framework With Cannabis.

Journal of addiction medicine·2026
Same author

SiCLIP: An explainable multimodal framework for silicosis diagnosis.

Artificial intelligence in medicine·2026
Same author

Brain age prediction in generalized anxiety disorder using a convolutional neural network.

Translational psychiatry·2026
Same author

Self-administration of oral voluntary assisted dying medication in Victoria, Australia: the first 6 years.

BMJ supportive & palliative care·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 29, 2025

Brain Morphology of Cannabis Users With or Without Psychosis: A Pilot MRI Study
07:30

Brain Morphology of Cannabis Users With or Without Psychosis: A Pilot MRI Study

Published on: August 18, 2020

7.2K

Cingulate Cortex Structural Alterations in Substance Use Disorder Psychiatric Inpatients.

Hyuntaek Oh1,2, Savannah Gosnell1,3,4, Tien Nguyen5

  • 1Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.

The American Journal on Addictions
|November 24, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Structural brain differences in substance use disorder (SUD) may be specific to the disorder, not just comorbidities. Cingulate structures show alterations in SUD patients compared to healthy and psychiatric controls.

More Related Videos

Meta-analysis of Voxel-Based Neuroimaging Studies using Seed-based d Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images SDM-PSI
06:26

Meta-analysis of Voxel-Based Neuroimaging Studies using Seed-based d Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images SDM-PSI

Published on: November 27, 2019

75.7K
Standardized Data Acquisition for Neuromelanin-Sensitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Substantia Nigra
05:14

Standardized Data Acquisition for Neuromelanin-Sensitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Substantia Nigra

Published on: September 8, 2021

4.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 29, 2025

Brain Morphology of Cannabis Users With or Without Psychosis: A Pilot MRI Study
07:30

Brain Morphology of Cannabis Users With or Without Psychosis: A Pilot MRI Study

Published on: August 18, 2020

7.2K
Meta-analysis of Voxel-Based Neuroimaging Studies using Seed-based d Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images SDM-PSI
06:26

Meta-analysis of Voxel-Based Neuroimaging Studies using Seed-based d Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images SDM-PSI

Published on: November 27, 2019

75.7K
Standardized Data Acquisition for Neuromelanin-Sensitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Substantia Nigra
05:14

Standardized Data Acquisition for Neuromelanin-Sensitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Substantia Nigra

Published on: September 8, 2021

4.1K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Psychiatry
  • Addiction Medicine

Background:

  • Substance use disorder (SUD) involves substance misuse despite negative consequences.
  • Previous studies noted structural brain alterations in SUD, but specificity to SUD versus comorbidities was unclear.
  • Validating structural differences in SUD against healthy controls (HC) and psychiatric controls (PC) is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and validate structural brain differences in individuals with SUD.
  • To differentiate SUD-specific alterations from those common in psychiatric comorbidities.
  • To compare brain structure between SUD patients, HC, and PC.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized neuroimaging to compare brain structures of 86 SUD patients, 86 HC, and 86 PC.
  • Assessed subcortical and cortical volumes, thickness, and surface areas.
  • Analyzed group differences between SUD and HC, then between SUD and PC in identified regions.

Main Results:

  • SUD patients exhibited altered volumes and surface areas in regions including the nucleus accumbens, thalamus, hippocampus, and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) compared to HC.
  • Increased right caudal ACC volume and right posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) surface area in SUD were significant when compared to PC.
  • Thickness alterations were observed between SUD and HC, but did not survive comparison with PC.

Conclusions:

  • Structural alterations in cingulate structures appear to be specifically associated with SUD.
  • Findings suggest some structural brain changes may be unique to SUD, not shared with general psychiatric conditions.
  • Emphasizes caution when using healthy controls for psychiatric biomarker research in SUD.