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Related Concept Videos

Tracheostomy: Procedure and Tubes01:28

Tracheostomy: Procedure and Tubes

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A tracheostomy is a surgical procedure that creates an artificial opening into the trachea, typically at the second or third cartilaginous ring level. This opening allows the insertion of a tracheostomy tube, which can replace an endotracheal tube, provide mechanical ventilation, bypass an upper airway obstruction, or remove accumulated tracheobronchial secretions.
Tracheostomy tubes can be made of semiflexible plastic (polyurethane or silicone), rigid plastic, or metal, and they come in...
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Tracheostomy Decannulation01:21

Tracheostomy Decannulation

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Tracheostomy decannulation is a significant milestone in the liberation of mechanically ventilated patients. Despite its importance, there is no universally accepted protocol for this procedure. This demands an evidence-based, individualized approach.
Description of the Procedure
Decannulation refers to the permanent removal of the tracheostomy tube, signaling the resolution of the condition that initially necessitated the tracheostomy. The process requires a well-coordinated interplay between...
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Endotracheal Intubation I: Procedure01:15

Endotracheal Intubation I: Procedure

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Endotracheal or ET intubation is a critical medical procedure used to secure a patient's airway, often in acute respiratory distress, apnea, upper airway obstruction, ineffective clearance of secretions, high risk for aspiration, or during general anesthesia.
The ET tube comprises various components, including a standard adaptor to attach a bag-valve-mask (BVM) or ventilator, a cuff, a pilot balloon, and radiopaque markings along its length to measure the insertion distance. The tube sizes...
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Trachea01:22

Trachea

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The trachea, commonly known as the windpipe, is a vital part of the human respiratory system. It serves as a passageway for air to travel between the larynx and the bronchi, allowing oxygen to reach the lungs. Let's explore its anatomical features, dimensions, layers of the tracheal wall, associated muscles, and the functions of its parts.
Anatomical Features:
Location: About half of the trachea is situated in the neck, anterior to the esophagus, and extends from the larynx (at the level of...
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Oxygen Delivering System II: Venturi Mask and Transtracheal Oxygen01:16

Oxygen Delivering System II: Venturi Mask and Transtracheal Oxygen

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Oxygen therapy is a pivotal aspect of medical care, particularly for patients with respiratory ailments. Two prominent oxygen-delivering systems include the Venturi mask and the transtracheal oxygen catheter.
Venturi Mask
The Venturi mask, named after the Venturi effect, is designed to deliver precise oxygen concentrations. It consists of a large tube with an oxygen inlet that narrows down, causing a pressure drop that pulls air in through adjustable side ports. The mask is a lightweight,...
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Endotracheal Tube Extubation01:24

Endotracheal Tube Extubation

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Endotracheal tube extubation is a critical procedure in weaning patients from mechanical ventilation. It involves physically removing the oral or nasal endotracheal (ET) tube, marking the final step in liberating a patient from ventilatory support.
Procedure
Extubation removes the endotracheal tube (ETT) from the patient on mechanical ventilation. It requires a well-coordinated, multidisciplinary approach involving physicians, nurses, respiratory therapists, and other healthcare professionals....
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 29, 2025

Endotracheal Intubation via Tracheotomy and Subsequent Thoracotomy in Rats for Non-Survival Applications
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Postintubation Multisegmental Tracheal Stenosis: A 24-Year Experience.

Roya Farzanegan1, Mahdi Zangi1, Azizollah Abbasidezfouli2

  • 1Tracheal Diseases Research Center (TDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

The Annals of Thoracic Surgery
|November 24, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Multisegmental tracheal stenosis management is challenging. An algorithmic approach combining surgical resection and non-resectional methods achieved good outcomes in most patients, highlighting prevention of iatrogenic causes.

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Area of Science:

  • Thoracic surgery
  • Pulmonology
  • Critical care medicine

Background:

  • Multisegmental tracheal stenosis presents significant management challenges.
  • Postintubation tracheal stenosis is a common complication, with multisegmental involvement occurring in 3.83% of cases.
  • This study introduces a 24-year algorithmic treatment approach for this complex condition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate an algorithmic treatment strategy for multisegmental tracheal stenosis.
  • To analyze outcomes based on different management groups.
  • To identify factors influencing recurrence and treatment success.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 83 patients with multisegmental tracheal stenosis over 24 years.
  • Patients categorized into 4 groups based on stenosis characteristics and patient factors.
  • Management included single-stage resection, two-stage resection, combined resection and non-resectional methods, or non-resectional methods alone.

Main Results:

  • Good outcomes were achieved in 82.35% of 70 followed patients.
  • Mortality was low at 2.94%.
  • Shorter intubation periods were associated with better outcomes, though no specific predictive factors for recurrence were identified.

Conclusions:

  • Multisegmental tracheal stenosis is often iatrogenic and preventable.
  • While resection of both strictures can yield good results, combined surgical and non-resectional approaches are frequently sufficient.
  • An algorithmic approach is crucial for effective management.