Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

451
RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
451
Size and Structure of Viral Genomes01:26

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

460
Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
460
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

27.2K
RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
27.2K
Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

48.6K
Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
48.6K
siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

17.7K
Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
17.7K
Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

6.9K
RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
6.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

CircRNA expression profiling in H1N1-infected primary human tracheobronchial epithelial cells identifies candidate immune-related circRNAs validated in A549 cells.

Archives of virology·2026
Same author

CircRNA-miRNA interactions in atherogenesis.

Molecular and cellular biochemistry·2022
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 28, 2025

In Silico Identification and Characterization of circRNAs During Host-Pathogen Interactions
10:27

In Silico Identification and Characterization of circRNAs During Host-Pathogen Interactions

Published on: October 21, 2022

1.8K

Viruses join the circular RNA world.

Ke-En Tan1, Yat-Yuen Lim1

  • 1Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

The FEBS Journal
|November 25, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are emerging as key players in host-virus interactions. Research highlights their roles in disease and potential as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for viral infections.

Keywords:
circRNAcircular RNAmiRNA spongenoncoding RNAvirus

More Related Videos

Confocal Imaging of Double-Stranded RNA and Pattern Recognition Receptors in Negative-Sense RNA Virus Infection
06:44

Confocal Imaging of Double-Stranded RNA and Pattern Recognition Receptors in Negative-Sense RNA Virus Infection

Published on: January 26, 2019

8.2K
Large-scale Production of Recombinant RNAs on a Circular Scaffold Using a Viroid-derived System in Escherichia coli
10:38

Large-scale Production of Recombinant RNAs on a Circular Scaffold Using a Viroid-derived System in Escherichia coli

Published on: November 30, 2018

10.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 28, 2025

In Silico Identification and Characterization of circRNAs During Host-Pathogen Interactions
10:27

In Silico Identification and Characterization of circRNAs During Host-Pathogen Interactions

Published on: October 21, 2022

1.8K
Confocal Imaging of Double-Stranded RNA and Pattern Recognition Receptors in Negative-Sense RNA Virus Infection
06:44

Confocal Imaging of Double-Stranded RNA and Pattern Recognition Receptors in Negative-Sense RNA Virus Infection

Published on: January 26, 2019

8.2K
Large-scale Production of Recombinant RNAs on a Circular Scaffold Using a Viroid-derived System in Escherichia coli
10:38

Large-scale Production of Recombinant RNAs on a Circular Scaffold Using a Viroid-derived System in Escherichia coli

Published on: November 30, 2018

10.0K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are noncoding RNAs formed via back splicing.
  • Both eukaryotes and viruses encode circRNAs, with viral circRNAs implicated in disease.
  • Host circRNAs can influence viral infections, exhibiting antiviral or proviral effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of circRNAs in host-virus interactions.
  • To summarize the expression, regulation, and functions of viral and host circRNAs.
  • To highlight circRNAs as potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for viral diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on circRNAs and viral infections.
  • Synthesis of information on circRNA biogenesis and mechanisms.
  • Analysis of research on host-circRNA involvement in immune responses to viruses.

Main Results:

  • Viral circRNAs are expressed and contribute to pathogenesis.
  • Host circRNAs modulate immune responses to viral infections.
  • CircRNAs present opportunities for biomarker and therapeutic development.

Conclusions:

  • CircRNAs are significant in host-virus interactions, impacting disease.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate circRNA roles and therapeutic potential.
  • Elucidating circRNA functions offers future directions for combating viral diseases.