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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...

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Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...

pre-mRNA Processing

pre-mRNA Processing

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Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

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Transcription

Transcription

Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
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Transcription

Transcription

Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in correctly synthesizing messenger RNA (mRNA). Transcriptional regulation is responsible for the differentiation of different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 28, 2025

mRNA Interactome Capture from Plant Protoplasts

mRNA Interactome Capture from Plant Protoplasts

Published on: July 28, 2017

Processing of coding and non-coding RNAs in plant development and environmental responses.

Fuyan Si¹, Xiaofeng Cao^1,2, Xianwei Song¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.

Essays in Biochemistry

|November 25, 2020

Summary

RNA processing is crucial for gene expression and plant development. This review highlights phased small interfering RNAs (phasiRNAs) and their roles in plant growth and environmental interactions.

Keywords:

RNA processing plant development secondary siRNA

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Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Plant Science
Genetics

Background:

Precursor RNAs require extensive processing, including capping, splicing, and modification, to become mature functional RNAs.
Both coding and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) undergo complex co-transcriptional and post-transcriptional modifications, forming dynamic secondary structures.
RNA processing plays a vital role in regulating gene expression and coordinating plant development and responses to environmental cues.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the latest advancements in RNA processing concerning gene expression.
To focus on phased small interfering RNAs (phasiRNAs), a class of germline-specific secondary small RNAs (sRNAs).
To discuss the specific functions of phasiRNAs in plant development and environmental interactions.

Main Methods:

Literature review of recent studies on RNA processing.
Analysis of transcriptome data to understand RNA processing roles.
Focus on secondary small interfering RNA (siRNA) biogenesis and function.

Main Results:

RNA processing is essential for generating mature coding and non-coding RNAs.
Transcriptome studies reveal significant roles for RNA processing in gene regulation and plant life.
Phased small interfering RNAs (phasiRNAs) are key regulators in plant germ cells.

Conclusions:

Extensive RNA processing is fundamental for gene expression regulation in plants.
Phased small interfering RNAs (phasiRNAs) are critical for plant germ cell development.
Understanding RNA processing, particularly phasiRNAs, is key to deciphering plant development and environmental adaptation.