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Related Concept Videos

Extracellular Matrix01:26

Extracellular Matrix

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Unlike epithelial tissue, which is composed of cells closely packed with little or no extracellular space in between, connective tissue cells are dispersed in a matrix. This extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed of fibrous proteins like collagen, elastin, and fibronectin in a ground substance consisting of interstitial fluid, cell adhesion proteins, and proteoglycans. The proteoglycans form a gel-like material in the spaces between cells and provide hydration, buffering, binding, and force...
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The Extracellular Matrix01:29

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In order to maintain tissue organization, many animal cells are surrounded by structural molecules that make up the extracellular matrix (ECM). Together, the molecules in the ECM maintain the structural integrity of tissue as well as the remarkable specific properties of certain tissues.
Composition of the Extracellular Matrix
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The Bone Matrix01:18

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Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in...
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Role of Matrix Metalloproteases in Degradation of ECM01:23

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Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of proteins and glycoproteins of the extracellular matrix. MMPs are essential for the migration and proliferation of cells through the dense matrix network, throughout embryonic development, and throughout morphogenesis. The first MMP activity discovered was a collagenase in a tadpole's tail undergoing metamorphosis. The active collagen deposition and modifications lead to the morphogenesis of tadpoles into the adult...
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Cell-matrix's Response to Mechanical Forces01:13

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In animal cells, the extracellular matrix allows cells within tissues to withstand external stresses and transmits signals from the outside of the cell to the inside. The extracellular matrix is extensive, and its composition varies between different types of tissues. For example, the reticular fibers and ground substance make up the ECM in loose connective tissue, while collagen and bone minerals make up the ECM of bone tissue. 
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Changes in Matrix Components in the Developing Human Meniscus.

William Fedje-Johnston1,2, Ferenc Tóth2, Melissa Albersheim1

  • 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.

The American Journal of Sports Medicine
|November 25, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Meniscal vascularity and cellularity decrease with age, while proteoglycan content increases. These changes, along with location-specific differences, impact knee joint healing.

Keywords:
developing meniscusmeniscal compositionmeniscal healingmeniscal tearsmeniscus

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A Morphometric and Cellular Analysis Method for the Murine Mandibular Condyle
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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic research
  • Knee joint biomechanics
  • Skeletal development and tissue morphology

Background:

  • Meniscal tear treatment is crucial for long-term knee health.
  • Meniscal healing is influenced by morphological factors, especially vascularity.
  • These factors change significantly during skeletal development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively assess meniscal vascularity, cellularity, collagen, and proteoglycan content.
  • To analyze these parameters in relation to age and anatomical location during skeletal development.

Main Methods:

  • Histologic and immunohistologic evaluation of medial and lateral menisci from human cadavers (1 month to 11 years).
  • Quantification of proteoglycan ratio, collagen I/II, blood vessel count, and cell density.
  • Analysis across 5 circumferential segments and 3 radial regions (inner, middle, periphery).

Main Results:

  • Meniscal vessel count and cell density decreased with increasing age.
  • Proteoglycan ratio showed an increase with skeletal maturity.
  • Significant variations in vascularity, cellularity, and proteoglycan content were observed based on anatomical location and radial region.

Conclusions:

  • Developing menisci exhibit decreasing cellularity and vascularity with age.
  • Proteoglycan content increases with age in the developing meniscus.
  • Both age and location within the meniscus significantly influence these key morphological parameters.