Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Peptidoglycan Synthesis01:28

Peptidoglycan Synthesis

1.3K
Structure of PeptidoglycanPeptidoglycan is a vital structural component of the bacterial cell wall, providing mechanical strength and shape to the cell. It consists of repeating units of two sugars—N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM)—linked by β-1,4 glycosidic bonds. These sugar chains are cross-linked by short peptide chains, forming a mesh-like polymer that surrounds the bacterial plasma membrane.Cytoplasmic Phase – Precursor SynthesisPeptidoglycan...
1.3K
Coordination of Gene Expression Processes in Bacteria01:29

Coordination of Gene Expression Processes in Bacteria

404
The DNA replication, transcription, and translation processes are intricately coupled in bacteria, allowing efficient gene expression and rapid protein synthesis. While this physical and functional coordination is advantageous, it introduces challenges that bacteria overcome through specific regulatory mechanisms.Coupling of Replication, Transcription, and TranslationThe coupling of replication, transcription, and translation is a hallmark of bacterial gene expression. As the replisome unwinds...
404
Ribosomes01:27

Ribosomes

9.5K
Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.
Ribosome Structure and Assembly
Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. In eukaryotes, rRNA is transcribed from genes in the nucleolus—a part of the nucleus that specializes in ribosome...
9.5K
From DNA to Protein03:06

From DNA to Protein

21.2K
The flow of genetic information in cells from DNA to mRNA to protein is described by the central dogma, which states that genes specify the sequence of mRNAs, which in turn specify the sequence of amino acids making up all proteins. The decoding of one molecule to another is performed by specific proteins and RNAs. Because the information stored in DNA is so central to cellular function, it makes intuitive sense that the cell would make mRNA copies of this information for protein synthesis...
21.2K
tRNA Activation02:26

tRNA Activation

21.5K
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are present in both eukaryotes and bacteria. Though eukaryotes have 20 different aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases to couple to 20 amino acids, many bacteria do not have genes for all of these aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Despite this, they still use all 20 amino acids to synthesize their proteins. For instance, some bacteria do not have the gene encoding the enzyme that couples glutamine with its partner tRNA. In these organisms, one enzyme adds glutamic acid to all of the...
21.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Mapping the nonribosomal specificity code through promiscuity-guided A-domain engineering.

Chemical science·2026
Same author

Controlling Substrate- and Stereospecificity of Condensation Domains in Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetases.

ACS chemical biology·2024
Same author

Analysis of the Valgamicin Biosynthetic Pathway Reveals a General Mechanism for Cyclopropanol Formation across Diverse Natural Product Scaffolds.

ACS chemical biology·2024
Same author

Analysing Megasynthetase Mutants at High Throughput Using Droplet Microfluidics.

Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology·2023
Same author

Novel Biocatalysts from Specialized Metabolism.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2023
Same author

Biosynthetic incorporation of fluorinated amino acids into the nonribosomal peptide gramicidin S.

RSC chemical biology·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 28, 2025

In Vesiculo Synthesis of Peptide Membrane Precursors for Autonomous Vesicle Growth
07:10

In Vesiculo Synthesis of Peptide Membrane Precursors for Autonomous Vesicle Growth

Published on: June 28, 2019

5.9K

Engineering DNA-Templated Nonribosomal Peptide Synthesis.

Hsin-Mei Huang1, Philipp Stephan1, Hajo Kries1

  • 1Junior Research Group Biosynthetic Design of Natural Products, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI) e.V., Beutenbergstr. 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany.

Cell Chemical Biology
|November 25, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created DNA-templated nonribosomal peptide synthetases (DT-NRPSs) to prevent intermediate escape in biocatalytic cascades. This DNA-templated enzyme assembly enables covalent intermediate channeling for efficient polymer synthesis.

Keywords:
DNA-templated synthesisdocking domainenzyme cascadegramicidin Snonribosomal peptide synthesissubstrate channelingzinc finger

More Related Videos

Rapid, Enzymatic Methods for Amplification of Minimal, Linear Templates for Protein Prototyping using Cell-Free Systems
07:35

Rapid, Enzymatic Methods for Amplification of Minimal, Linear Templates for Protein Prototyping using Cell-Free Systems

Published on: June 14, 2021

3.0K
Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly
09:34

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly

Published on: February 6, 2020

7.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 28, 2025

In Vesiculo Synthesis of Peptide Membrane Precursors for Autonomous Vesicle Growth
07:10

In Vesiculo Synthesis of Peptide Membrane Precursors for Autonomous Vesicle Growth

Published on: June 28, 2019

5.9K
Rapid, Enzymatic Methods for Amplification of Minimal, Linear Templates for Protein Prototyping using Cell-Free Systems
07:35

Rapid, Enzymatic Methods for Amplification of Minimal, Linear Templates for Protein Prototyping using Cell-Free Systems

Published on: June 14, 2021

3.0K
Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly
09:34

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly

Published on: February 6, 2020

7.7K

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Synthetic Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Diffusive escape of intermediates limits efficiency in artificial biocatalytic cascades.
  • Natural nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) overcome this by covalently tethering intermediates in large assembly lines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer a DNA-templated NRPS (DT-NRPS) system that mimics natural NRPS assembly lines.
  • To investigate the geometric constraints and catalytic efficiency of DT-NRPSs.
  • To demonstrate covalent intermediate channeling along a DNA template.

Main Methods:

  • Split NRPS modules were engineered with zinc-finger tags.
  • Zinc fingers directed NRPS modules to specific binding sites on a DNA template.
  • Up to four DT-NRPS modules were assembled on DNA to synthesize peptides.
  • DNA was used as a molecular ruler to study geometric constraints.

Main Results:

  • A catalytically active enzyme cascade was formed on the DNA template.
  • The DT-NRPS system successfully synthesized peptides.
  • DT-NRPSs demonstrated enhanced DNA acceleration compared to previous DNA-templated cascades.
  • Covalent intermediate channeling along the DNA template was achieved.

Conclusions:

  • DNA-templated NRPSs enable covalent intermediate channeling, overcoming limitations of diffusive escape.
  • This strategy allows for sequence-controlled biosynthesis of nonribosomal peptides and other polymers.
  • Attaching assembly line enzymes to DNA scaffolds is a promising approach for synthetic polymer production.