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Area of Science:

  • Atomic physics
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Quantum many-body physics

Background:

  • Many-body physics explains phenomena like broken symmetry and phase transitions.
  • Understanding the emergence of collective behavior from individual particles is a long-standing goal.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To observe the few-body precursor of a quantum phase transition.
  • To identify the Higgs mode precursor in a controlled mesoscopic system.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing ultracold fermions in two-dimensional harmonic potentials.
  • Preparing closed-shell configurations (2, 6, 12 atoms) with high fidelity.
  • Performing spectroscopy while tuning pair energy and analyzing atom counting statistics.

Main Results:

  • Observed the lowest resonance consisting of coherently excited pairs.
  • Identified a distinct non-monotonic interaction dependence for this many-body excitation.
  • Confirmed the excitation as the Higgs mode precursor through numerical calculations.

Conclusions:

  • Demonstrated an atomic simulator for studying collective phenomena and the thermodynamic limit.
  • Provided experimental evidence for the few-body precursor of a quantum phase transition.
  • Linked mesoscopic observations to fundamental many-body physics concepts.