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Enteromorpha compressa extract induces anticancer activity through apoptosis and autophagy in oral cancer

Biswajita Pradhan1, Srimanta Patra2, Chhandashree Behera1

  • 1Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur, Odisha, 760007, India.

Molecular Biology Reports
|November 26, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Marine algae extracts show promise against oral cancer by inducing cell death pathways. Enteromorpha compressa extract demonstrated significant antioxidant and antiproliferative effects, suggesting potential as an alternative cancer therapy.

Area of Science:

  • Marine natural products
  • Cancer biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Marine algae are a rich source of bioactive compounds with potential anticancer properties.
  • The mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects of algal compounds, particularly against oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the phytochemical and antioxidant properties of Enteromorpha compressa extracts.
  • To investigate the ability of E. compressa extracts to induce autophagy and apoptosis in oral cancer cells.

Main Methods:

  • Phytochemical analysis using UV and FT-IR spectroscopy.
  • Assessment of antioxidant activity (DPPH, H2O2, superoxide, hydroxyl radical scavenging).
  • Evaluation of anticancer effects via clonogenic and scratch assays, apoptosis assays (DAPI, MMP), antioxidant enzyme activity (CAT, SOD, GPX, APX, GR), and autophagy markers (LC3 puncta, acridine orange, LysoTracker).

Main Results:

  • The methanolic extract of E. compressa exhibited strong free radical scavenging activity and antiproliferative effects.
  • The extract induced apoptosis in OSCC cells by downregulating protective antioxidant enzymes.
  • Autophagy was also induced in oral cancer cells, contributing to cell death.

Conclusions:

  • Enteromorpha compressa possesses bioactive compounds with significant therapeutic potential against OSCC.
  • These compounds modulate the antioxidant defense system, apoptosis, and autophagy, offering a promising avenue for developing novel anticancer drugs.
Keywords:
AntioxidantApoptosisAutophagyEnteromorpha compressaOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)

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