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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 28, 2025

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High-Performance Packaged 3D Lithium-Ion Microbatteries Fabricated Using Imprint Lithography.

Pengcheng Sun1, Xiangming Li2, Jinyou Shao2

  • 1Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, Materials Research Laboratory, and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|November 26, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed high-energy rechargeable microbatteries using 3D electrodes and gel electrolytes. These packaged microbatteries achieve high power density and long cycle life, even in air.

Keywords:
gel electrolyteshermetic packagingimprint lithographymicrobatteriesthick 3D electrodes

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Fabricating high-energy, high-power, and long-cycle-life rechargeable microbatteries presents significant engineering challenges.
  • Existing microbattery technologies often struggle with electrode density and packaging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop high-performance, hermetically packaged microbatteries with enhanced energy and power densities.
  • To overcome limitations in active material utilization and electrode architecture for microscale energy storage.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized imprint lithography, self-assembly, and electrodeposition for fabricating 3D-structured electrodes (V2O5 cathode, Li metal anode).
  • Employed a gel electrolyte for hermetic sealing and stability.
  • Investigated performance in both packaged and unpackaged configurations.

Main Results:

  • Achieved high areal energy density (1.24 J cm⁻²) and power density (75.5 mW cm⁻²) in packaged microbatteries.
  • Demonstrated 550 cycles in argon and 200 cycles in air with 75% capacity retention.
  • Unpackaged cells reached a power density of 218 mW cm⁻².

Conclusions:

  • The developed microbatteries exhibit superior performance, including the highest reported peak power density among microbatteries.
  • The fabrication approach and gel electrolyte enable robust, high-performance microscale energy storage solutions.