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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as A Novel Detection and Quantification Method
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Circulating miRNA Spaceflight Signature Reveals Targets for Countermeasure Development.

Sherina Malkani1, Christopher R Chin2, Egle Cekanaviciute3

  • 1Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.

Cell Reports
|November 26, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists found a shared microRNA (miRNA) signature in rodents and humans exposed to spaceflight. This discovery helps understand spaceflight

Keywords:
NASATwins StudyantagomirsmiRNA-seqmicroRNAmicrogravityscATAC-seqscRNA-seqspace radiationspaceflight

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Area of Science:

  • Space biology
  • Molecular biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in cellular regulation.
  • Previous research indicated specific miRNAs in rodent responses to spaceflight.
  • Understanding spaceflight's molecular impact is vital for astronaut health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and validate a conserved miRNA signature in response to spaceflight across species.
  • To confirm miRNA expression changes in human spaceflight samples.
  • To investigate the role of specific miRNAs in radiation-induced vascular damage.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of miRNA expression in rodents under simulated spaceflight.
  • Validation using astronaut samples from the NASA Twins Study.
  • Utilizing miRNA sequencing, scRNA-seq, and scATAC-seq.
  • Employing antagomirs to inhibit miRNA function in human vascular models.

Main Results:

  • A conserved spaceflight-associated miRNA signature was identified in rodents and humans.
  • Expression signatures were confirmed in astronaut data across multiple sequencing platforms.
  • Specific miRNAs (miR-125, miR-16, let-7a) were linked to radiation-induced vascular damage.
  • Inhibition of these miRNAs ameliorated radiation damage in human vascular constructs.

Conclusions:

  • A conserved miRNA signature reflects biological responses to spaceflight.
  • These miRNAs are critical regulators of vascular health in the context of space radiation.
  • Targeting these miRNAs offers a potential therapeutic strategy for mitigating spaceflight-induced damage.