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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 28, 2025

Refined Murine Model of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Refined Murine Model of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Published on: June 17, 2025

Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis.

Patrick Kosciuk¹, Cristopher Meyer², Kathryn A Wikenheiser-Brokamp^3,4

¹Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.

European Respiratory Review : an Official Journal of the European Respiratory Society

|November 28, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) is a rare lung disease caused by NPT2B deficiency, leading to hydroxyapatite buildup. Understanding its molecular basis and genetics offers new avenues for treatment strategies.

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Isolation and In Vitro Culture of Murine and Human Alveolar Macrophages

Isolation and In Vitro Culture of Murine and Human Alveolar Macrophages

Published on: April 20, 2018

Area of Science:

Pulmonary Medicine
Rare Diseases
Genetics

Background:

Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) is a rare lung disease characterized by hydroxyapatite microlith accumulation in alveoli.
It often presents incidentally and progresses slowly to respiratory insufficiency over decades.
Recent genetic findings link PAM to a deficiency in the sodium-phosphate cotransporter NPT2B.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the epidemiology, molecular pathophysiology, and diagnostic approaches to PAM.
To discuss clinical manifestations, radiographic and pathologic features, and current management strategies.
To explore emerging insights for potential therapeutic trials based on disease pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

Literature review of epidemiology, genetics, and pathophysiology.
Analysis of diagnostic, clinical, radiographic, and pathologic features.
Synthesis of current management and future therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

PAM is linked to NPT2B deficiency, enabling new animal models.
Disease course is typically slow, leading to progressive respiratory insufficiency.
No definitive treatments exist, but pathogenesis insights guide future research.

Conclusions:

Genetic discoveries have advanced understanding of PAM pathogenesis.
Animal models provide valuable tools for studying the disease.
Further research into disease mechanisms is crucial for developing effective treatments.