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Induction and Assessment of Exertional Skeletal Muscle Damage in Humans
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Muscle length influence on rectus femoris damage and protective effect in knee extensor eccentric exercise.

Ryoichi Ema1, Kazunori Nosaka2, Ryosuke Kawashima3

  • 1School of Management, Shizuoka Sangyo University, Iwata, Japan.

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
|November 29, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Eccentric exercise in a supine position causes greater rectus femoris muscle damage, particularly proximally, compared to a sitting position. However, the repeated bout effect did not differ between positions.

Keywords:
hip flexionmaximal voluntary contractionmuscle sorenessrepeated bout effectshear modulus

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Muscle Physiology
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Muscle damage and the repeated bout effect (RBE) are influenced by exercise-induced muscle length.
  • The rectus femoris (RF) muscle's mechanical properties may vary depending on its length during exercise.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test if knee extensor eccentric exercise causes greater RF damage and RBE in a supine (long muscle length) versus sitting (short muscle length) position.
  • To investigate if muscle length effects on damage are more pronounced in the proximal than distal RF.

Main Methods:

  • Untrained men performed two bouts of knee extensor eccentric exercise, separated by 4 weeks.
  • Groups differed in exercise position: sitting then supine (S group) or supine for both bouts (L group).
  • Measurements included maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) torque, electromyography (EMG), muscle soreness, and shear modulus.

Main Results:

  • After the first bout, the supine group (L) showed significantly greater hip flexor MVC torque reduction and proximal RF EMG and shear modulus changes than the sitting group (S).
  • No significant differences were found between groups for knee extensor MVC torque or any variables after the second bout.
  • The hypothesis regarding greater RF damage in the supine position, especially proximally, was supported, but the RBE hypothesis was not.

Conclusions:

  • Performing knee extensor eccentric exercise in a supine position induces greater acute muscle damage in the rectus femoris, particularly in its proximal region, compared to a sitting position.
  • The protective repeated bout effect does not appear to be influenced by the muscle length during the initial eccentric exercise bout.