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The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 28, 2025

Characterization of Immune Cells in Human Adipose Tissue by Using Flow Cytometry
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How does adipose tissue contribute to inflammageing?

Mauro Zamboni1, Nicole Nori2, Anna Brunelli2

  • 1Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatric and Gynecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.

Experimental Gerontology
|November 30, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Aging causes white adipose tissue (WAT) dysfunction, increasing inflammation and metabolic issues. This review explores how WAT changes contribute to inflammaging, a key aging hallmark.

Keywords:
Adipose tissueEctopic fatInflammageingSenescent cellsSubcutaneous adipose tissueVisceral adipose tissue

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Metabolic Science
  • Adipose Tissue Biology

Background:

  • White adipose tissue (WAT) quantity and distribution significantly change with aging.
  • Aging-related WAT dysfunction involves increased inflammatory peptides, reduced anti-inflammatory factors, and inflammatory cell infiltration.
  • Key features of WAT dysfunction include impaired preadipocyte differentiation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial issues, reduced vascularization, hypoxia, fibrosis, and senescent cell accumulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms linking age-related changes in white adipose tissue to inflammaging.
  • To elucidate the role of dysfunctional WAT in the systemic pro-inflammatory state of aging.
  • To connect WAT alterations to age-related metabolic disturbances.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on studies investigating age-related white adipose tissue changes.
  • Analysis of mechanisms underlying WAT dysfunction in aging.
  • Synthesis of evidence linking WAT alterations to inflammaging and metabolic health.

Main Results:

  • Aging leads to increased visceral and ectopic fat, with decreased gluteofemoral fat depots.
  • WAT dysfunction in aging is characterized by a pro-inflammatory shift and cellular senescence.
  • These WAT changes are proposed as a significant contributor to the inflammaging phenotype.

Conclusions:

  • Age-related white adipose tissue dysfunction is a critical factor in inflammaging.
  • Dysfunctional WAT contributes to systemic inflammation and metabolic alterations associated with aging.
  • Understanding these links is crucial for addressing age-related metabolic diseases.