Good microbial affinity of phenolic carbon felt as an efficient anode for microbial fuel cells

Phenolic carbon felt (PCF) is a three-dimensional material with a simple manufacturing process and low cost. To investigate the application of PCF as an anode material for use in microbial fuel cells (MFCs), we employed PCF as the anode material for the first time in MFCs that were carbonized at different temperatures. The relationship between the intrinsic characteristics and the electrochemical performance of different PCFs was also analyzed. Here, we obtained the best power generation with a power density of up to 2600 mW/m² when PCF was heated to 900 °C (PCF-900); this power generation was much higher than that of the commercial carbon felts. From SEM images, we found that the biofilm growth of PCF-900 was quite uniform. This may result from the higher surface electropositivity of PCF-900 and increased electrostatic attraction between the microorganisms and PCF. We also analyzed the conductivity, specific surface area, functional groups, and surface charge of the PCF anode. Under the synergistic effect of these intrinsic properties, PCF-900 showed good biocompatibility for the adhesion of microorganisms and high electron transfer efficiency. In addition, PCF was easily prepared in different sizes. Thus, it could be a promising material for the application of scale-up MFCs.