Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

The Scientific Method

The Scientific Method

The scientific method is a detailed, empirical problem-solving process used by biologists and other scientists. This iterative approach involves formulating a question based on observation, developing a testable potential explanation for the observation (called a hypothesis), making and testing predictions based on the hypothesis, and using the findings to create new hypotheses and predictions.Generally, predictions are tested using carefully-designed experiments. Based on the outcome of these...

Crossover Experiments

Crossover Experiments

Crossover experiments, also called the repeated-measurements design, is a study design in which all experimental units are exposed to all treatments in different periods. Crossover experiments are generally used in psychology, the pharmaceutical industry, agriculture, and medicine.
Crossover designs are performed even with smaller sample sizes since the samples can act as their controls. These are better than simple randomized trials since patients are exposed to all the treatments.

Hypothesis: Accept or Fail to Reject?

Hypothesis: Accept or Fail to Reject?

The outcome of any hypothesis testing leads to rejecting or not rejecting the null hypothesis. This decision is taken based on the analysis of the data, an appropriate test statistic, an appropriate confidence level, the critical values, and P-values. However, when the evidence suggests that the null hypothesis cannot be rejected, is it right to say, 'Accept' the null hypothesis?
There are two ways to indicate that the null hypothesis is not rejected. 'Accept' the null hypothesis and 'fail to...

Equivalence: In Vitro and In Vivo Bioequivalence

Equivalence: In Vitro and In Vivo Bioequivalence

Bioequivalence studies are crucial in evaluating whether new drugs can match an approved one regarding pharmacological effects and clinical performance. These studies test if drugs, despite different dosage forms, share identical plasma concentration-time profiles. Three types of equivalence are central to these studies: chemical, pharmaceutical, and therapeutic. Chemical equivalence indicates that two or more drug products contain identical active ingredients in equal amounts. Pharmaceutical...

Cochran's Q Test

Cochran's Q Test

Cochran's Q Test is a nonparametric statistical test used to determine if there are potential differences in the outcomes of three or more related groups on a binary (yes/no) or dichotomous outcome. It is essentially an extension of the McNemar Test, which is limited to two related samples - Cochran's Q test can handle three or more related samples, making it more versatile in scenarios where subjects are measured under multiple conditions. The test statistic follows a Chi-Square distribution,...

Candidiasis

Candidiasis

Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by opportunistic species of Candida. It can affect various anatomical sites, including the skin, oral cavity, nails, and genitourinary tract. Among its forms, vaginal candidiasis is the most common type of mucosal infection. It typically results from the overgrowth of Candida albicans in the vaginal mucosa. Under normal conditions, C. albicans exists as a commensal organism within the vaginal microbiota, regulated by the dominance of lactobacilli, which...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

How trait confidence and communication shape dyadic decision outcomes and confidence matching.

Cognitive research: principles and implications·2026

Same author

Non-Cognitive Predictors: Evidence and Implications for Academic Achievement and Cognitive Processing.

Journal of Intelligence·2025

Same author

A recipe for dyadic collective intelligence for well-structured tasks: mix equal parts cognitive ability and confidence plus a pinch of social sensitivity.

Cognitive research: principles and implications·2025

Same author

Parental Attitudes toward Gifted Students and Gifted Education: Attitude Profiles and Predictors.

Journal of Intelligence·2024

Same author

The Psychology of COVID-19 Booster Hesitancy, Acceptance and Resistance in Australia.

Vaccines·2023

Same author

Intelligence, Personality, and the Prediction of Life Outcomes: Borghans et al. (2016) vs. Zisman and Ganzach (2022) Debate.

Journal of Intelligence·2023

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Th17 Inflammation Model of Oropharyngeal Candidiasis in Immunodeficient Mice

Th17 Inflammation Model of Oropharyngeal Candidiasis in Immunodeficient Mice

Published on: February 18, 2015

We Can Boost IQ: Revisiting Kvashchev's Experiment.

Lazar Stankov¹, Jihyun Lee²

¹School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.

Journal of Intelligence

|December 1, 2020

Summary

Intensive creative problem-solving training significantly boosts intelligence in late adolescents. This study found average IQ gains of 10-15 points, challenging previous conservative analyses.

Keywords:

creative problem-solving intelligence training

More Related Videos

Transformation of Probiotic Yeast and Their Recovery from Gastrointestinal Immune Tissues Following Oral Gavage in Mice

Transformation of Probiotic Yeast and Their Recovery from Gastrointestinal Immune Tissues Following Oral Gavage in Mice

Published on: February 8, 2016

An Ex vivo Assay to Study Candida albicans Hyphal Morphogenesis in the Gastrointestinal Tract

An Ex vivo Assay to Study Candida albicans Hyphal Morphogenesis in the Gastrointestinal Tract

Published on: July 1, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Th17 Inflammation Model of Oropharyngeal Candidiasis in Immunodeficient Mice

Th17 Inflammation Model of Oropharyngeal Candidiasis in Immunodeficient Mice

Published on: February 18, 2015

Transformation of Probiotic Yeast and Their Recovery from Gastrointestinal Immune Tissues Following Oral Gavage in Mice

Transformation of Probiotic Yeast and Their Recovery from Gastrointestinal Immune Tissues Following Oral Gavage in Mice

Published on: February 8, 2016

An Ex vivo Assay to Study Candida albicans Hyphal Morphogenesis in the Gastrointestinal Tract

An Ex vivo Assay to Study Candida albicans Hyphal Morphogenesis in the Gastrointestinal Tract

Published on: July 1, 2020

Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Educational Psychology

Background:

Previous research suggested limited impact of creative problem-solving training on intelligence.
Stankov's report on Kvashchev's experiment indicated a 7-point average IQ increase.

Purpose of the Study:

To re-evaluate the effects of creative problem-solving training on intelligence.
To address limitations in previous analytical approaches regarding IQ test variances.

Main Methods:

Revisiting data from a 3-year experiment involving creative problem-solving training.
Recalculating effect sizes using pooled standard deviations from initial and retest IQ scores.
Analyzing fluid and crystallized intelligence changes.

Main Results:

Recalculated analysis revealed an average IQ increase of 10 points for the trained group compared to controls.
Specific measures of fluid and crystallized intelligence showed a 15-point higher increase in the experimental group.
The study accounted for reduced IQ test variances post-training.

Conclusions:

Prolonged, intensive creative problem-solving training yields significant positive effects on intelligence.
These cognitive benefits are particularly notable in late adolescence (ages 18-19).
The findings underscore the potential of targeted training to enhance cognitive abilities.