[Research frontiers in precision therapy for liver cancer]

Area of Science:

• Hepatology
• Oncology
• Molecular Biology

Background:

• Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent and fatal liver cancer, particularly in China.
• Significant advancements have been made in HCC clinical management and understanding its biology.
• Early detection and treatment remain critical challenges for improving patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent achievements in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) research.
• To highlight novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic strategies.
• To discuss the impact of technological innovations on HCC understanding and treatment.

Main Methods:

• Review of recent clinical management and cancer biology research in HCC.
• Analysis of novel serum biomarkers (proteins, miRNAs, cfDNA methylation).
• Evaluation of advancements in radiological and computational technologies for precision surgery.
• Assessment of molecular targeted therapies, immunotherapy, and multi-omics analyses.
• Consideration of technological innovations like single-cell sequencing and genome editing.

Main Results:

• Novel serum biomarkers (proteins, miRNAs, cfDNA methylation) show promise for early HCC detection.
• Precision liver surgery is increasingly feasible due to technological improvements.
• Targeted therapies and immunotherapy have extended survival but further breakthroughs are required.
• Integrated multi-omics analysis provides deep molecular insights and identifies new therapeutic targets.
• Technological innovations accelerate HCC biology research and drug development.

Conclusions:

• HCC remains a heterogeneous and treatment-refractory malignancy requiring further research.
• Early detection through novel biomarkers and advanced surgical techniques are crucial.
• Continued innovation in molecular therapies and a deeper understanding of HCC biology are essential for overcoming treatment resistance.