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Area of Science:

  • Astrophysics
  • Gravitational Wave Astronomy
  • General Relativity

Background:

  • Stellar-mass binary black holes are key sources for gravitational wave astronomy.
  • Testing Einstein's theory of general relativity in the strong-field regime is a major goal in physics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate how multiband gravitational wave observations can comprehensively test general relativity.
  • To quantify the expected accuracy of measuring post-Newtonian coefficients.

Main Methods:

  • Simulating multiband observations of binary black holes using next-generation ground-based observatories (3G) and the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA).
  • Analyzing the precision of simultaneously measuring all post-Newtonian coefficients.

Main Results:

  • Multiband observations enable measuring most post-Newtonian phasing coefficients to a few percent accuracy.
  • This accuracy is 2 orders of magnitude better than achievable with single-band observations.
  • Proposed observations will provide stringent multiparameter constraints on modified gravity theories.

Conclusions:

  • Multiband gravitational wave astronomy offers a powerful tool for testing general relativity.
  • The precision measurements will significantly advance our understanding of gravity and probe theories beyond Einstein's.
  • Future observatories like 3G and LISA are crucial for these tests.