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Executive functioning moderates neural reward processing in youth.

Maria Kryza-Lacombe1, Isaac R Christian2, Michael T Liuzzi2

  • 1San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego, Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, 6363 Alvarado Ct., Ste 103, San Diego, CA, 92120, USA. mkryza-lacombe@sdsu.edu.

Cognitive, Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience
|December 2, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Executive functioning skills in adolescents significantly influence how their brains process rewards. Better executive function is linked to more typical neural responses during reward anticipation and feedback.

Keywords:
AdolescentsChildrenExecutive functioningReward processingfMRI

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Executive functioning is traditionally studied in neutral contexts, but is crucial in emotionally charged situations like reward processing.
  • Brain systems for executive functions and reward processing mature concurrently during adolescence, a critical developmental period.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how "cool" executive functioning performance moderates neural reward processing in adolescents.
  • To examine the relationship between inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, and brain activity during reward anticipation and receipt.

Main Methods:

  • Adolescents (N=43, mean age=13.74) underwent fMRI while performing a monetary incentive delay task.
  • Behavioral measures of executive functioning (inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility) were assessed outside the scanner.
  • Brain activation and seed-based connectivity (amygdala, ventral striatum) were analyzed in relation to executive functioning.

Main Results:

  • Executive functioning moderated neural responses during reward anticipation and feedback.
  • Significant moderation was observed in amygdala connectivity with prefrontal/frontal and temporal regions.
  • Adolescents with poorer executive functioning exhibited more pronounced differences in neural activation and connectivity.

Conclusions:

  • Executive functioning skills play a key role in modulating neural reward processing during adolescence.
  • Findings support theoretical models of adolescent brain development, linking "cool" and "hot" cognitive processes.
  • Basic executive functions significantly influence complex, emotionally salient reward-related neural processes.