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GPU-accelerated Monte Carlo simulation of MV-CBCT.

Mengying Shi1,2, Marios Myronakis2, Matthew Jacobson2

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Accelerating Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) for radiation therapy using graphic processing units (GPUs) significantly reduces computation time. This novel GPU-based approach enhances mega-voltage cone-beam computed tomography (MV-CBCT) simulation efficiency and accuracy.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Computational Science
  • Radiotherapy Technology

Background:

  • Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) is crucial for accurate dose calculation and image formation in radiation therapy.
  • The computational intensity and long execution times of traditional MCS limit its widespread application.
  • Optimizing simulation speed is essential for advancing radiotherapy techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel graphic processing unit (GPU)-accelerated Monte Carlo simulation strategy.
  • To specifically apply and evaluate this strategy for mega-voltage cone-beam computed tomography (MV-CBCT) simulation.
  • To demonstrate significant speed improvements and maintain accuracy in MV-CBCT simulations.

Main Methods:

  • A new framework was developed to generate multiple MV projections from a single simulation run for MV-CBCT.
  • A Geant4-based GPU code was integrated for simulating photon transport through phantom volumes.
  • The FastEPID method was modified and incorporated to accelerate MV image simulation.
  • The strategy was tested on Catphan 604 and anthropomorphic pelvis phantoms at various beam energies (2.5 MV, 6 MV, 6 MV FFF).

Main Results:

  • The GPU-based simulation strategy demonstrated high accuracy, with excellent agreement to measurements and CPU-based simulations.
  • Reconstructed image qualities were preserved, validating the method's reliability.
  • Significant acceleration factors, ranging from approximately 900 to 2300, were achieved using an NVIDIA Tesla V100 GPU compared to a CPU.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed GPU-based MCS strategy offers a substantial acceleration for MV-CBCT simulations.
  • This method maintains high simulation accuracy, making it suitable for clinical applications.
  • The significant speed-up enables more efficient and potentially real-time dose calculations and image reconstructions in radiotherapy.