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Related Concept Videos

Entropy02:39

Entropy

33.7K
Salt particles that have dissolved in water never spontaneously come back together in solution to reform solid particles. Moreover, a gas that has expanded in a vacuum remains dispersed and never spontaneously reassembles. The unidirectional nature of these phenomena is the result of a thermodynamic state function called entropy (S). Entropy is the measure of the extent to which the energy is dispersed throughout a system, or in other words, it is proportional to the degree of disorder of a...
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Entropy01:18

Entropy

3.3K
The first law of thermodynamics is quantitatively formulated via an equation relating the internal energy of a system, the heat exchanged by it, and the work done on it. A quantitative formulation of the second law of thermodynamics leads to defining a state function, the entropy.
When an ideal gas expands isothermally, the disorder in the gas increases. From the molecular perspective, the gas molecules have more volume to move around in.
Consider an infinitesimal step in the expansion, which...
3.3K
Entropy Change in Reversible Processes01:10

Entropy Change in Reversible Processes

3.0K
In the Carnot engine, which achieves the maximum efficiency between two reservoirs of fixed temperatures, the total change in entropy is zero. The observation can be generalized by considering any reversible cyclic process consisting of many Carnot cycles. Thus, it can be stated that the total entropy change of any ideal reversible cycle is zero.
The statement can be further generalized to prove that entropy is a state function. Take a cyclic process between any two points on a p-V diagram.
3.0K
Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics01:20

Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

4.0K
The second law of thermodynamics can be stated quantitatively using the concept of entropy. Entropy is the measure of disorder of the system.
The relation  between entropy and disorder can be illustrated with the example of the phase change of ice to water. In ice, the molecules are located at specific sites giving a solid state, whereas, in a liquid form, these molecules are much freer to move. The molecular arrangement has therefore become more randomized. Although the change in average...
4.0K
Standard Entropy Change for a Reaction03:00

Standard Entropy Change for a Reaction

23.0K
Entropy is a state function, so the standard entropy change for a chemical reaction (ΔS°rxn) can be calculated from the difference in standard entropy between the products and the reactants.
23.0K
Entropy and Solvation02:05

Entropy and Solvation

7.9K
The process of surrounding a solute with solvent is called solvation. It involves evenly distributing the solute within the solvent. The rule of thumb for determining a solvent for a given compound is that like dissolves like. A good solvent has molecular characteristics similar to those of the compound to be dissolved. For example, polar solutions dissolve polar solutes, and apolar solvents dissolve apolar solutes. A polar solvent is a solvent that has a high dielectric constant (ϵ...
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Design and Use of a Full Flow Sampling System FFS for the Quantification of Methane Emissions
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Leakage Evaluation by Virtual Entropy Generation (VEG) Method.

Zhichao Zhang1, Corina Drapaca2, Zhifeng Zhang2

  • 1School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, China.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 3, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new pipe leakage evaluation criterion using the virtual entropy generation (VEG) method. The research indicates that mass leakage rates must be lower than pressure drop rates for accurate pipe integrity assessment.

Keywords:
leakage evaluationmicro/nano-scale crackvirtual entropy generation (VEG) method

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Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Microscale and nanoscale cracks in pipes lead to hard-to-detect leakage, causing significant economic losses.
  • Traditional methods struggle to effectively monitor and control such small-scale leaks.
  • The virtual entropy generation (VEG) method offers a novel approach to thermodynamic analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a new criterion for evaluating pipe leakage using the VEG method.
  • To establish a relationship between mass leakage rate and pressure drop rate for pipe integrity.
  • To provide a tool for better detection and control of micro/nanoscale leakages.

Main Methods:

  • Analytical derivation of a new pipe leakage evaluation criterion based on VEG.
  • Forcing "measured entropy generation" to align with the "experimental second law of thermodynamics".
  • Numerical simulations using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to validate the criterion.

Main Results:

  • A new criterion was derived: mass leakage rate should be less than the pressure drop rate.
  • CFD simulations revealed unrealistic VEG at high mass leakage rates, supporting the criterion.
  • The derived criterion was successfully applied to evaluate existing leakage data from literature.

Conclusions:

  • The VEG method provides a robust framework for evaluating pipe leakage.
  • The new criterion offers a quantifiable measure for assessing pipe integrity and detecting leaks.
  • This research contributes to improved leakage control strategies and industrial standard development.