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Equilibrium States in Open Quantum Systems.

Ingrid Rotter1

  • 1Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, D-01187 Dresden, Germany.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study investigates equilibrium states in open quantum systems with multiple environments. We found that equilibrium states exist and possess orthogonal wavefunctions, even with a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian.

Keywords:
equilibrium statenon-Hermitian Hamilton operatoropen quantum systems

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Mechanics
  • Open Quantum Systems
  • Non-Hermitian Hamiltonians

Background:

  • Open quantum systems interact with their environments, influencing their dynamics.
  • Non-Hermitian Hamiltonians describe systems with gain or loss, often exhibiting complex behaviors like exceptional points.
  • Understanding equilibrium states is crucial for characterizing the long-term behavior of quantum systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the existence of equilibrium states in open quantum systems coupled to multiple environments.
  • To investigate the role of exceptional points and external mixing in these systems.
  • To analyze the properties of wavefunctions for these equilibrium states.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a non-Hermitian Hamilton operator to model the open quantum system.
  • Analyzing the influence of exceptional points (EPs) and external mixing (EM) from the environment on system states.
  • Examining the eigenfunctions of the Hamiltonian.

Main Results:

  • Equilibrium states have been shown to exist in open quantum systems, provided they are sufficiently far from exceptional points.
  • These equilibrium states differ from those found in corresponding closed quantum systems.
  • The wavefunctions of these equilibrium states are orthogonal, despite the non-Hermitian nature of the Hamiltonian.

Conclusions:

  • Equilibrium states can be established in open quantum systems interacting with multiple environments.
  • The presence of exceptional points can disrupt the formation of equilibrium states.
  • The orthogonality of wavefunctions in non-Hermitian systems under these conditions is a significant finding.