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$Femtosecond Laser Filaments for Use in Sub-Diffraction-Limited Imaging and Remote Sensing$

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FMCW LiDAR System to Reduce Hardware Complexity and Post-Processing Techniques to Improve Distance Resolution.

Chankyu Kim¹, Yunho Jung², Seongjoo Lee¹

¹The Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Sejong University, Gunja-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Korea.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|December 3, 2020

Summary

Researchers developed a new Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) system using Digital Down Convert (DDC) technology. This significantly reduces hardware burden and improves distance measurement accuracy for autonomous driving sensors.

Keywords:

Digital Down Convert FFT FMCW FMCW LiDAR FPGA LiDAR hardware complexity

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Area of Science:

Optoelectronics
Sensor Technology
Autonomous Systems

Background:

Pulse LiDAR systems using 905 nm wavelength pose risks to human eyes and complicate digital signal processing.
Existing Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) LiDAR systems face hardware challenges due to high beat frequencies and demanding Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) modules.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose and validate a novel FMCW LiDAR system that alleviates hardware burdens associated with FFT processing.
To enhance the efficiency and accuracy of distance measurement in LiDAR systems for autonomous driving applications.

Main Methods:

Implemented a Digital Down Convert (DDC) technology to reduce the FFT module size from 8192 to 256 points.
Developed and verified a hardware module on an FPGA for real-time processing.
Evaluated performance using beat frequencies from 0 to 50 m at 3 cm intervals and with Simple Threshold-Constant False Alarm Rate (ST-CFAR) at 1 cm intervals.

Main Results:

Achieved a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.03 m for distance restoration, outperforming conventional methods.
Demonstrated successful hardware implementation and verification on an FPGA.
ST-CFAR method yielded an RMSE of 0.019 m for measurements up to 50 m.

Conclusions:

The proposed DDC-based FMCW LiDAR system significantly reduces hardware requirements for FFT processing.
This approach offers a more efficient and accurate solution for distance measurement in autonomous driving sensor technology.
The validated hardware demonstrates practical applicability and improved performance over existing systems.