Quantum Information Remote Carnot Engines and Voltage Transformers

A physical system out of thermal equilibrium is a resource for obtaining useful work when a heat bath at some temperature is available. Information Heat Engines are the devices which generalize the Szilard cylinders and make use of the celebrated Maxwell demons to this end. In this paper, we consider a thermo-chemical reservoir of electrons which can be exchanged for entropy and work. Qubits are used as messengers between electron reservoirs to implement long-range voltage transformers with neither electrical nor magnetic interactions between the primary and secondary circuits. When they are at different temperatures, the transformers work according to Carnot cycles. A generalization is carried out to consider an electrical network where quantum techniques can furnish additional security.