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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 27, 2025

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Optimal Microbiome Networks: Macroecology and Criticality.

Jie Li1,2, Matteo Convertino1,2

  • 1Nexus Group, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0814, Japan.

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The human microbiome

Keywords:
RSAcomplex networkscriticalityinformation flowmicrobiomespecies diversitytransitions

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiome research
  • Network inference
  • Systems biology

Background:

  • The human microbiome is a complex ecosystem.
  • Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorder.
  • Understanding microbiome complexity is crucial for IBS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To untangle human microbiome complexity in IBS.
  • To identify differences in species interaction networks between healthy and unhealthy individuals.
  • To explore macroecological characteristics of the microbiome.

Main Methods:

  • Novel information theoretic network inference model.
  • Analysis of species interaction networks.
  • Macroecological characterization of the microbiome.

Main Results:

  • Healthy and unhealthy microbiome networks differ structurally and functionally.
  • Healthy networks exhibit neutral, scale-free topology; unhealthy networks are random.
  • An inverse relationship exists between species interactivity and relative abundance (RSA).
  • Healthy microbiomes show high diversity growth rate, low turnover, and stable RSA.
  • Microbiome criticality is not necessarily at the healthy-unhealthy phase transition.

Conclusions:

  • Network hubs should be defined by information flow, not just node degree.
  • Macroecological characterization aids public health and disease diagnosis.
  • Species-specific analyses can inform personalized pre- and probiotic treatments.