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Related Concept Videos

Differential Relays01:20

Differential Relays

451
Differential relays are used to protect generators, buses, and transformers by comparing electrical quantities at different points. When a fault occurs, the difference in current between the two points triggers the relay to operate, opening the circuit breaker. Under normal conditions, the current entering (i1) and leaving (i2) a generator are equal. When a fault occurs, however, these currents become unequal, and the difference current flows in the relay operating coil, causing the relay to...
451
Directional Relays01:25

Directional Relays

457
Directional relays, essential for managing unidirectional fault currents, enhance the safety and efficiency of power systems. On power lines equipped with directional relays, faults downstream (to the right) of the current transformer typically cause the fault current to lag the bus voltage by approximately 90 degrees, known as the forward direction. In contrast, upstream (left-side) faults may result in the fault current leading the bus voltage by nearly 90 degrees, termed the reverse...
457
Pilot and Numeric Relaying01:21

Pilot and Numeric Relaying

262
Pilot relaying is a type of differential protection used in power systems. It compares electrical quantities at the terminals of equipment via a communication channel instead of direct relay interconnection. This method is essential for transmission lines where the terminals are far apart, typically up to 80 km for lines with 69 to 115 kV ratings. Four types of communication channels are used for pilot relaying:
262
Line Protection with Impedance Relays01:27

Line Protection with Impedance Relays

336
Coordinating time-delay overcurrent relays in complex radial systems and directional overcurrent relays in multi-source transmission loops can be challenging. Impedance relays address these issues by responding to the voltage-to-current ratio, specifically measuring the apparent impedance of a line. These relays become more sensitive during faults as current increases and voltage decreases, thereby reducing the apparent impedance.
Under normal conditions, low load currents keep the measured...
336
Overcurrent Relays01:26

Overcurrent Relays

370
Overcurrent relays, crucial for circuit protection, are connected to the secondary current of a current transformer. There are two primary types of overcurrent relays: instantaneous and time-delay.
Instantaneous overcurrent relays activate immediately when the input current exceeds a predetermined value, known as the pickup current, instantly energizing the circuit breaker trip coil. This rapid response is vital for addressing severe faults quickly.
Time-delay overcurrent relays, on the other...
370
Network Function of a Circuit01:25

Network Function of a Circuit

483
Frequency response analysis in electrical circuits provides vital insights into a circuit's behavior as the frequency of the input signal changes. The transfer function, a mathematical tool, is instrumental in understanding this behavior. It defines the relationship between phasor output and input and comes in four types: voltage gain, current gain, transfer impedance, and transfer admittance. The critical components of the transfer function are the poles and zeros.
483

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The State-Dependent Channel with a Rate-Limited Cribbing Helper.

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The Arbitrarily Varying Relay Channel.

Uzi Pereg1, Yossef Steinberg1

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 3, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study investigates the arbitrarily varying relay channel, focusing on communication security against adversaries. We determined random code capacity and bounds for deterministic code capacity in various scenarios, revealing unique behaviors in primitive relay channels.

Keywords:
Markov block codearbitrarily varying channeldecode-forwarddeterministic codeminimax theoremrandom coderelay channelsymmetrizability

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Area of Science:

  • Information Theory
  • Communication Systems Engineering
  • Cybersecurity

Background:

  • Relay channels are crucial for modern communication systems, enabling signal amplification and retransmission.
  • The arbitrarily varying channel (AVC) model addresses worst-case adversarial noise, posing significant challenges for reliable communication.
  • Understanding relay channel behavior under adversarial conditions is vital for secure and robust communication networks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the capacity of the arbitrarily varying relay channel (AVRC) under adversarial conditions.
  • To establish fundamental bounds (cutset and partial decode-forward) on the random code capacity of the AVRC.
  • To investigate the impact of specific channel models, such as the arbitrarily varying Gaussian relay channel, on communication capacity.

Main Methods:

  • Derivation of cutset bounds and partial decode-forward bounds for random code capacity.
  • Analysis of special cases to determine exact random code capacity.
  • Investigation of conditions for determining deterministic code capacity.
  • Study of the arbitrarily varying Gaussian relay channel with frequency division and input/state constraints.

Main Results:

  • The random code capacity for the arbitrarily varying relay channel was determined.
  • Lower and upper bounds for the deterministic code capacity were established for the Gaussian variant.
  • A key finding is the distinct behavior of primitive versus non-primitive relay channels in arbitrarily varying scenarios, differing from prior models.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides crucial insights into the capacity limits of secure communication over relay channels facing adversarial threats.
  • The established bounds and determined capacities offer valuable theoretical foundations for designing robust relay communication systems.
  • The identified differences in primitive relay channel behavior highlight the need for specialized security considerations in advanced relay network architectures.