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Individuals with Barrett's esophagus are often asymptomatic, but they may experience symptoms commonly associated with GERD, such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. Additional symptoms can include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, unintentional weight loss, blood in the stool (which may appear black, tarry, or bloody), and episodes of vomiting.
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Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is a persistent medical condition that affects many individuals worldwide. Its clinical manifestations can vary greatly, making diagnosis and management challenging for healthcare professionals. The following is a comprehensive overview of the clinical manifestations, assessment, and management strategies for GERD.
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Eosinophilic esophagitis: from pathophysiology to management.

Matteo Ghisa1, Giorgio Laserra2, Daria Maniero2

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Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) management is evolving due to rising cases. This review explores biologic therapies for EoE, offering insights into current treatments and future directions for this chronic immune condition.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) incidence and prevalence have significantly increased.
  • Standard treatments like diet, PPIs, and steroids are not universally effective for EoE remission.
  • Long-term efficacy and safety concerns prompt the search for novel EoE therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review biologic therapies evaluated for Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE).
  • To discuss the efficacy and safety of biologics targeting Th2-mediated inflammation in EoE.
  • To explore potential future biologic treatment options for EoE patients.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of clinical studies on biologics in EoE.
  • Analysis of data on targeted therapies within the Th2 inflammatory cascade.
  • Evaluation of treatment outcomes, including remission rates and adverse events.

Main Results:

  • Biologics targeting Th2 pathways in EoE have shown variable results.
  • Several therapeutic targets within the eosinophilic mucosal infiltration cascade have been investigated.
  • Efficacy and safety profiles of different biologics in EoE are under ongoing evaluation.

Conclusions:

  • Biologic therapies represent a promising avenue for managing refractory Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE).
  • Further research is needed to optimize biologic strategies for EoE.
  • Personalized biologic approaches may be crucial for future EoE treatment.