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Black demographic trends in the 1980s
1Population Reference Bureau, Inc., Washington, DC 20005.
The Milbank Quarterly
|January 1, 1987
Summary
Black demographic trends show continued growth and a larger population share, with shifts in migration patterns and family structures. While fertility rates decline, life expectancy increases, and suburbanization continues, though central cities become more predominantly Black.
Area of Science:
- Demography
- Sociology
- Public Health
Background:
- The 1970s saw significant demographic shifts within the Black population.
- Understanding these trends is crucial for social and economic policy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze and summarize key Black demographic trends during the first half of the 1980s.
- To compare the pace of change in the 1980s with the preceding decade.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of demographic data from the 1970s and early 1980s.
- Comparison of population growth rates, migration patterns, fertility, mortality, and family structures.
Main Results:
- The Black population grew faster than the white population, increasing its share of the total population.
- Migration continued towards the South and West, and suburbanization increased, leading to more predominantly Black central cities.
- Fertility rates declined, approaching white rates, while teen birthrates for unmarried Black women fell. Life expectancy increased, but at a slower pace than in the 1970s.
- The proportion of Black children in single-parent and never-married parent households grew at accelerated rates compared to the 1970s.
Conclusions:
- Demographic changes among Black Americans persisted into the 1980s, albeit with varying speeds.
- Key trends include population growth, regional redistribution, evolving urban-rural dynamics, and significant shifts in family composition.
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