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At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
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Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia
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Retinal changes in COVID-19 hospitalized cases.

Rafael Lani-Louzada1, Carolina do Val Ferreira Ramos2, Ricardo Mello Cordeiro3,4

  • 1Hospital Nossa Senhora da Saúde, Santa Casa da Misericórdia do Rio de Janeiro (Hospital da Gamboa), Instituto de Oftalmologia do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Plos One
|December 3, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Vascular retinal changes were observed in some severe or critical COVID-19 patients. These findings may serve as indicators for systemic disease and therapeutic response.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • COVID-19 can cause severe systemic complications.
  • The ocular manifestations of severe COVID-19 are not fully understood.
  • Retinal vascular changes may indicate systemic disease severity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate retinal changes in hospitalized patients with severe or critical COVID-19.
  • To determine if retinal findings correlate with disease severity or clinical outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Case series of 25 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Rio de Janeiro.
  • Retrospective analysis of electronic health records and clinical data.
  • Acquisition of bilateral fundus images using a handheld retinal camera.

Main Results:

  • 12% of patients exhibited retinal changes, including nerve fiber layer infarcts, microhemorrhages, and flame-shaped hemorrhages.
  • Retinal findings were associated with critical illness, mechanical ventilation, anemia, and anticoagulation.
  • No correlation found between disease severity and serum CRP, D-dimer, or ferritin levels.

Conclusions:

  • Vascular retinal changes can occur in severe or critical COVID-19 inpatients.
  • These changes are likely secondary to systemic complications or comorbidities, not direct SARS-CoV-2 damage.
  • Retinal findings may serve as accessible outcome measures and indicators of systemic/neurologic disease.