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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

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Overview
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Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:16

Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview

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Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
Antihistamines (e.g., Benadryl) block histamines from binding. Histamines are chemicals released during an allergic reaction in the body. As a...
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Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Asthma-I: Introduction01:29

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
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Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

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Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
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Upper Respiratory Drugs: Decongestants01:27

Upper Respiratory Drugs: Decongestants

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Decongestants are a class of medications used primarily to alleviate nasal congestion, a common symptom resulting from allergies, colds, sinusitis, and other upper respiratory tract infections. These drugs work by activating α-adrenergic receptors, constricting small blood vessels in the nasal membranes. This action results in the opening of clogged nasal passages, thereby facilitating sinus drainage and relieving congestion.
Most decongestants are readily available over-the-counter in...
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Related Experiment Video

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Author Spotlight: Advancing Allergic Rhinitis Research with Multicolor Immunofluorescence
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Author Spotlight: Advancing Allergic Rhinitis Research with Multicolor Immunofluorescence

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Allergic rhinitis.

Jean Bousquet1,2,3,4, Josep M Anto5,6,7,8, Claus Bachert9,10,11,12

  • 1Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany. jean.bousquet@orange.fr.

Nature Reviews. Disease Primers
|December 4, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Allergic rhinitis (AR), an IgE-mediated condition, affects millions globally, impacting quality of life and incurring economic costs. Effective management involves pharmacological treatments and allergen immunotherapy for persistent symptoms.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Allergy Research
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a prevalent global chronic condition driven by immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated responses to inhaled allergens.
  • AR frequently co-occurs with asthma and conjunctivitis, posing a significant worldwide health burden and disability.
  • Risk factors encompass inhalant/occupational allergens and genetic predispositions, leading to impaired quality of life and economic costs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of allergic rhinitis, including its classification, diagnosis, and management strategies.
  • To highlight the impact of AR on patients' daily lives and the associated economic burden.
  • To discuss emerging trends and future directions in AR research and patient care.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of current knowledge on allergic rhinitis.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria and treatment modalities based on established guidelines like the Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) initiative.
  • Inclusion of insights from real-world data utilizing mobile technology.

Main Results:

  • AR is classified as intermittent or persistent, and mild or moderate/severe.
  • Diagnosis relies on clinical history, supplemented by skin tests or serum-specific IgE for complex cases.
  • Pharmacological treatments include antihistamines and intranasal corticosteroids; allergen immunotherapy is effective for persistent cases.

Conclusions:

  • Current treatments for allergic rhinitis are effective, with allergen immunotherapy showing promise for persistent symptoms.
  • Future research directions include understanding novel multimorbid phenotypes and advancing patient-centered care.
  • Mobile technology offers new avenues for data collection and insights into AR management.