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Virtual Hawking Radiation.

Walter Goldberger1, Ira Z Rothstein2

  • 1Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA.

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This summary is machine-generated.

This study explores off-shell Hawking radiation effects on black hole scattering. A new leading-order quantum gravity effect in inelastic cross-section was identified for scalar fields interacting with black holes.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Gravity
  • Black Hole Physics
  • Quantum Field Theory

Background:

  • Black holes interact with quantum fields, producing Hawking radiation.
  • Off-shell effects of Hawking radiation on scattering are not fully understood.
  • Previous studies focused on on-shell phenomena or different theoretical frameworks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the impact of off-shell Hawking radiation on black hole scattering processes.
  • Calculate the inelastic cross-section for scalar field scattering mediated by virtual Hawking gravitons.
  • Identify new quantum gravity effects in the semiclassical limit.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a worldline effective field theory for the black hole.
  • Focused on gravitational scattering of a scalar field by a Schwarzschild black hole.
  • Analyzed scattering in the semiclassical limit (r_s > 1/m_Pl) with specific momentum and energy conditions.

Main Results:

  • Derived a novel inelastic cross-section formula.
  • Identified a new, leading-order quantum gravity effect.
  • This effect arises at the same order (q^2/m_Pl^2) as one-loop vacuum polarization corrections.

Conclusions:

  • Off-shell Hawking radiation contributes a new quantum gravity effect to black hole scattering.
  • The findings provide insights into quantum gravity at the intersection of black hole physics and quantum field theory.
  • This work opens avenues for further research into quantum effects in black hole interactions.