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Augmented Reality and 3-Dimensional Printing Technologies for Guiding Complex Thoracoscopic Surgery.

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3D printed lung models with augmented reality (AR) significantly improved surgical outcomes for thoracoscopic lung procedures. This tangible approach reduced operating time, blood loss, and hospital stay compared to screen-based models.

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Area of Science:

  • Thoracic Surgery
  • Medical Imaging
  • Surgical Technology

Background:

  • Virtual 3D lung models aid thoracoscopic surgery but lack tangibility.
  • Augmented reality (AR) combined with patient-specific printed models may enhance surgical guidance.
  • Investigating the value of tangible AR models versus on-screen models in complex lung surgery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare surgical outcomes of thoracoscopic segmentectomy/subsegmentectomy using AR-guided 3D printed lung models versus traditional on-screen 3D models.
  • To evaluate the impact of tangible vs. virtual surgical guidance on operating time, blood loss, hospital stay, and surgeon experience.

Main Methods:

  • 142 patients with early lung cancer undergoing thoracoscopic segmentectomy or subsegmentectomy were analyzed.
  • Patients were divided into two groups: on-screen 3D models (n=87) and AR-guided 3D printed models (n=55).
  • Propensity score-matching analysis was employed to compare surgical outcomes between the groups.

Main Results:

  • The 3D printing with AR group demonstrated significantly shorter operating times (P=.001), less intraoperative blood loss (P=.006), and shorter hospital stays (P=.001).
  • No significant differences were observed in complication rates or operating success rates between the groups.
  • Surgeons reported higher satisfaction scores with the tangible 3D printed AR models compared to on-screen models (P=.001).

Conclusions:

  • Patient-specific 3D printed lung models with AR provide tangible visualization and tactile feedback of internal lung structures.
  • AR integration offers immediate surgical guidance, proving beneficial in laparoscopic lung surgery.
  • The combination of 3D printing and AR technology enhances guidance in minimally invasive thoracic procedures.