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Related Concept Videos

Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
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The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
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Accessory Structures of the Skin: Hair Growth and Types01:20

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Hair growth begins with the production of keratinocytes by the basal cells of the hair bulb. As new cells are deposited at the hair bulb, the hair shaft is pushed through the follicle toward the surface. Keratinization is completed as the cells are pushed to the skin surface to form the shaft of hair that is externally visible. The external hair is completely dead and composed entirely of keratin. Hair can be cut or shaven without damaging the hair structure because the cut is superficial. Most...
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Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

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The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
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The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
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Skin Cancer01:30

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 27, 2025

Direct Reprogramming of Mouse Fibroblasts into Melanocytes
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An update on Vitiligo pathogenesis.

Julien Seneschal1,2, Katia Boniface1, Andrea D'Arino3

  • 1INSERM U1035, Biotherapy of Genetic Diseases, Inflammatory Disorders and Cancers (BMGIC), Immunodermatology ATIP-AVENIR, University of Bordeaux, FHU ACRONIM, Bordeaux, France.

Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research
|December 5, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vitiligo, a common skin depigmenting disorder, is seeing major advances in understanding its causes and treatments. Research highlights the complex interplay of immune and non-immune factors, including various skin cells and T-resident memory cells, driving new therapeutic strategies.

Keywords:
IFN-gammacell-cell cross talkfibroblastsimmunopathogenesiskeratinocytesmemory T cells

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Vitiligo is the most prevalent depigmenting skin disorder.
  • Its pathophysiology involves a complex interplay of immunological and non-immunological factors.
  • Recent research implicates various cell types beyond melanocytes in disease development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent insights into vitiligo pathogenesis.
  • To highlight the interactions between different cell types in vitiligo.
  • To connect these cellular interactions to emerging therapeutic approaches.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes current research findings on vitiligo.
  • It analyzes recent advances in understanding disease mechanisms.
  • Focuses on cellular interactions and their role in pathogenesis.

Main Results:

  • The development of vitiligo involves a complex interplay between immunological and non-immunological factors.
  • Cells such as keratinocytes, fibroblasts, natural killer cells, and innate lymphoid cells play a role.
  • T-resident memory cells are identified as significant contributors to vitiligo pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the intricate cellular interactions in vitiligo is crucial for developing effective therapies.
  • Recent advances provide a foundation for a new era in vitiligo treatment.
  • Targeting these cellular pathways offers promising therapeutic possibilities.