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Gross Anatomy of the Liver

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The liver, the largest gland within the human body, is a firm and reddish-brown organ. This wedge-shaped structure weighs approximately 1.5 kg and occupies a significant portion of the right hypochondriac and epigastric regions. It extends more to the right of the body's midline than to the left.
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Updated: Nov 27, 2025

Porcine Liver Transplantation Without Veno-Venous Bypass As an Extended Criteria Donor Model

Porcine Liver Transplantation Without Veno-Venous Bypass As an Extended Criteria Donor Model

Published on: August 17, 2022

Profiling the liver graft.

Stela Celaj¹, Josh Levitsky²

¹Department of Internal Medicine.

Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation

|December 5, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Achieving operational tolerance in liver transplantation is key. Researchers are developing reliable biomarkers to guide immunosuppression withdrawal and improve allograft survival.

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Area of Science:

Transplantation immunology
Genomics and transcriptomics

Background:

Operational tolerance is a critical goal in liver transplantation.
Validated biomarkers for tolerance and rejection are lacking in clinical practice.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current developments in liver allograft profiling.
To summarize findings from seminal studies on biomarkers.
To highlight progress in identifying biomarkers for immunosuppression withdrawal.

Main Methods:

Review of prior seminal studies.
Analysis of recent transcriptomic signature investigations.
Ongoing clinical trials for biomarker validation.

Main Results:

Progress in discovering reliable biomarkers for immunosuppression withdrawal.
Investigation of transcriptomic signatures for rejection and injury.
Development of new genomic and sequencing technologies.

Conclusions:

Clinical trials are validating biomarkers for tolerance.
Understanding rejection mechanisms is improving allograft survival.
Implementation of immunosuppression withdrawal protocols is anticipated.