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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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RNA Interference01:23

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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Experimental RNAi02:15

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as A Novel Detection and Quantification Method
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MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as A Novel Detection and Quantification Method

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MicroRNAs: small molecules, big effects.

Claire Tinel1, Baptiste Lamarthée1, Dany Anglicheau1,2

  • 1Université de Paris, Necker-Enfants Malades Institute, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research U1151.

Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation
|December 5, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) show promise as biomarkers in kidney transplantation for various rejection types. Future research should integrate miRNA data with other molecular data to understand rejection pathways and explore miRNA-based therapies.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular biology
  • Immunology
  • Transplantation science

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression, influencing approximately two-thirds of the human genome.
  • Extensive research in kidney transplantation has identified differentially expressed miRNAs in various body fluids and tissues.
  • These miRNAs are associated with conditions like acute and chronic rejection, interstitial fibrosis, and BKV nephropathy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of miRNA regulation in kidney allograft rejection.
  • To explore the potential of miRNAs as biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring transplant complications.
  • To discuss the evolving research objectives and future directions in miRNA-based transplant research.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of case-control studies and recent research on microRNAs in kidney transplantation.
  • Analysis of miRNA expression patterns in different biological samples (blood, urine, biopsies).
  • Examination of miRNA's role in various kidney allograft injury types.

Main Results:

  • Numerous studies have identified miRNA panels associated with specific kidney transplant conditions.
  • While promising as biomarkers, miRNAs have not yet shown short-term clinical development.
  • A shift in research focus is observed, with increasing use of miRNA-targeted genes to study disease pathways.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNAs play significant roles in alloimmunity and allograft injury.
  • Integrating miRNA data with genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data is crucial for characterizing rejection mechanisms.
  • Further investigation into miRNA-based therapies holds potential for advancing transplant medicine.