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Postural Control While Walking Interferes With Spatial Learning in Older Adults Navigating in a Real Environment.

Catherine Persephone Agathos1, Stephen Ramanoël1,2, Marcia Bécu1

  • 1Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France.

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
|December 7, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Older adults experience cognitive-motor interference (CMI) when navigating, impacting spatial learning. This interference, linked to reduced walking speed and brain structure changes, highlights the cognitive load of postural control in aging.

Keywords:
agingbrain atrophycognitive-motor interferencenavigationparietal cortexpostural controlspatial learningwalking speed

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Cognitive demands on postural control increase with age.
  • Cognitive-motor interference (CMI) is prevalent in older adults, particularly with visuo-spatial tasks, affecting spatial learning and navigation.
  • The interplay between postural control and spatial learning in aging, especially in real-world environments, is under-researched.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate cognitive-motor interference (CMI) in older adults during spatial learning in an ecological environment.
  • To identify indicators of postural control interfering with spatial learning and navigation.
  • To explore neuroanatomical correlates of CMI in aging and spatial navigation.

Main Methods:

  • 14 young and 14 older adults navigated an unfamiliar environment to find an invisible goal.
  • Measured walking speed, trajectory efficiency, and goal fixations, analyzing adaptation across learning trials.
  • Visuo-cognitive tests and MRI scans (10 young, 8 older) assessed cognitive function and brain structure.

Main Results:

  • Older adults showed significant reductions in walking speed between initial and later trials, indicative of CMI.
  • Adaptation indices for walking speed, trajectory efficiency, and goal fixations were positively correlated, suggesting reduced resource sharing.
  • Reduced walking speed in older adults correlated negatively with gray matter volume in parietal and occipital regions, including the precuneus.

Conclusions:

  • Older adults' gait adjustments during spatial learning reflect CMI, similar to dual-task costs.
  • Findings suggest that postural control imposes a significant cognitive burden on aging navigation.
  • Correlations between gait adaptation, CMI, and brain structure emphasize the role of navigation-related brain regions in aging spatial cognition.