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Nasal Wipes for Influenza A Virus Detection and Isolation from Swine
Published on: December 4, 2015
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Avian influenza overview May - August 2020.
, , Cornelia Adlhoch
EFSA Journal. European Food Safety Authority
|December 7, 2020
Summary
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N8) outbreaks in Europe suggest viral persistence, not new introductions. Wild bird migration poses a future risk, necessitating enhanced biosecurity and surveillance in Europe.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Virology
- Epidemiology
- Avian Health
Background:
- Seven highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N8) virus outbreaks occurred in European poultry between May and August 2020.
- Hungary reported six secondary HPAI A(H5N8) outbreaks, indicating the tail end of an epidemic.
- One low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) A(H5N3) outbreak was noted in Italian poultry.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the genetic characteristics of HPAI A(H5N8) viruses from recent European outbreaks.
- To assess the potential for future HPAI spread via wild bird migration.
- To recommend biosecurity and surveillance measures for European Member States.
Main Methods:
- Genetic analysis of HPAI A(H5N8) virus isolates from Bulgaria and Hungary.
- Monitoring of HPAI A(H5N8) detection in poultry and wild birds in Russia and Kazakhstan.
- Review of historical HPAI epidemic data (2005-2006, 2016-2017).
Main Results:
- Genetic analysis revealed no major changes in HPAI A(H5N8) viruses, suggesting viral persistence in Bulgaria and Hungary.
- HPAI A(H5N8) was detected in wild birds in western Russia and Kazakhstan, near autumn migration routes.
- One human case of A(H9N2) avian influenza was reported during the period.
Conclusions:
- The findings suggest HPAI A(H5N8) persistence in affected European countries, with limited evidence of new introductions from wild birds during the reporting period.
- The presence of HPAI A(H5N8) in western Russia and Kazakhstan raises concerns about potential spread to the EU via migrating wild waterbirds.
- Enhanced biosecurity and surveillance are crucial, particularly in northern and eastern Europe, to promptly detect and respond to HPAI introductions in the upcoming autumn-winter season.
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