Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 27, 2025

Cutoff Value of Phase Angle by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis at Admission as a Prognostic Factor in Patients with Acute Heart Failure
05:16

Cutoff Value of Phase Angle by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis at Admission as a Prognostic Factor in Patients with Acute Heart Failure

Published on: June 10, 2025

405

Serum Anion Gap Is Associated with All-Cause Mortality among Critically Ill Patients with Congestive Heart Failure

Yiyang Tang1, Wenchao Lin1, Lihuang Zha1

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.

Disease Markers
|December 7, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Serum anion gap (SAG) is a key indicator for predicting mortality in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). Higher SAG levels are associated with increased 30- and 90-day mortality in critically ill CHF patients.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Clinical Chemistry

Background:

  • Congestive heart failure (CHF) presents significant morbidity and mortality challenges.
  • Serum anion gap (SAG) is linked to cardiovascular disease severity, but its role in CHF requires clarification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between serum anion gap (SAG) and mortality in critically ill patients with congestive heart failure (CHF).

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of data from the Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care III (MIMIC-III) database.
  • Cox proportional hazards models and subgroup analysis were employed to assess the relationship between SAG and all-cause mortality.
  • Included 7426 critically ill patients diagnosed with CHF.

Main Results:

  • Increased SAG was significantly associated with higher 30-day and 90-day all-cause mortality in critically ill CHF patients.
  • Multivariate analysis adjusted for various confounders, including age, gender, and ethnicity.
  • Subgroup analyses confirmed the consistency of this association across most patient strata.

Conclusions:

  • Serum anion gap (SAG) at admission shows potential as a predictive biomarker for all-cause mortality in critically ill patients with CHF.
Abstract

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Unveiling Prognostic Indicators in Heart Failure - The Role of Phase Angle and Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis04:05

Author Spotlight: Unveiling Prognostic Indicators in Heart Failure - The Role of Phase Angle and Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis

Published on: June 30, 2023

2.5K
Methods for ECG Evaluation of Indicators of Cardiac Risk, and Susceptibility to Aconitine-induced Arrhythmias in Rats Following Status Epilepticus08:28

Methods for ECG Evaluation of Indicators of Cardiac Risk, and Susceptibility to Aconitine-induced Arrhythmias in Rats Following Status Epilepticus

Published on: April 5, 2011

18.0K

Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies01:22

Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies

Additional therapies for treating patients with heart failure (HF) may include procedural interventions, supplemental oxygen, the management of sleep disorders, and nutritional therapy.Procedural InterventionsImplantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator: For patients at risk of life-threatening arrhythmias due to severe left ventricular dysfunction, an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) can detect and terminate these arrhythmias, preventing sudden cardiac death and improving survival rates.
119
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
301
Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
178
Heart Failure V: Medical Management01:30

Heart Failure V: Medical Management

Medical Management of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF)The primary goals of therapy for patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) include:Relieving symptomsOptimizing volume statusSupporting oxygenation and ventilationMaintaining cardiac output (CO) and end-organ perfusionIdentifying and addressing the cause of ADHFPreventing complicationsProviding patient education on factors precipitating HF exacerbationPlanning for dischargeOngoing monitoring and assessment...
100
Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies

Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...
97
Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send...
2.0K